Neutrino Conversions in Active Galactic Nuclei

I discuss the possibility of production of high energy cosmic neutrinos (E \geq 10^{6} GeV) in cores of active galactic nuclei and study some of the effects of neutrino mixing on their subsequent propagation. I also discuss the prospects for observations of these high energy cosmic neutrinos in new km^{2} surface area underwater/ice neutrino telescopes.Comment: 7 pages, Latex, 1 figure included with epsf, talk given at 9th Lomonosov Conference on Elemenatry Particle Physics, 20-26 September, 1999, Moscow, Russia [to appear in its proceedings edited by A. Studeniken

High Energy Cosmic Tau Neutrinos

I discuss the possibility of production of high energy cosmic tau neutrinos ($E \geq 10^{6}$ GeV) in an astrophysical site and study some of the effects of neutrino mixing on their subsequent propagation. I also discuss the prospects for observations of these high energy cosmic tau neutrinos through double shower events in new km$^{2}$ surface area under water/ice neutrino telescopes.Comment: 3 pages, Latex (uses espcrc2), 1 figure included with epsf, talk given at 6th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 99), 6-10 September, Paris, France [to appear in its proceedings in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) edited by M. Froissart, J. Dumarchez and D. Vignaud

Teachers’ readiness and usage of online teaching practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An empirical investigation

The substantial disruption caused by the COVID-19 epidemic to the world's education system is only one of the many setbacks the world has recently experienced. The transition of the students from their offline learning mode to a fully digital approach was not easy from the beginning for them.   The online teaching readiness heavily relied on their competencies and skills to adapt the pedagogy, training, technical skills, a proper mindset   and new roles. This research endeavors to evaluate the readiness of the teachers belonging to higher education institutions (HEIs) to handle online education based on the online teaching readiness model.  A systematic questionnaire with 30 statements was used by the researcher to collect and analyse data from 296 HEI lecturers in Saudi Arabia.  Smart PLS3 was used to attain reliability, convergent, discriminate validity and model fitness. These programs will help equip the teachers with the necessary technical skills, pedagogy, competency   and readiness to comprehend the requisite techniques of online teaching and the vital strategies for keeping their students engaged. Technical proficiency, pedagogy, competency and teaching readiness show a direct relationship with online education. On the other hand, attitude and training do not show any relationship with online education

Tau neutrinos from active galactic nuclei

We study the appearance of $\nu_{\tau}$ from active galactic nuclei (AGN) through neutrino spin-flip. We consider two situations: i) Spin (flavour)-precession in a reasonable strength of magnetic field in AGN, $B_{AGN}$ ii) Adiabatically resonant conversions caused by an interplay of $B_{AGN}$ and the violation of equivalence principle. Observational consequences for both situations are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, Latex (uses espcrc2), 1 figure included with epsf, talk presented at Fifth International Workshop on Tau Lepton Physics (TAU98), Santander, Spain, 14-17 September, 1998 [to appear in its proceedings in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.)

Neutrino conversions in cosmological gamma-ray burst fireballs

We study neutrino conversions in a recently envisaged source of high-energy neutrinos (E \geq 10^6 GeV), that is, in the vicinity of cosmological Gamma-Ray Burst fireballs (GRB). We consider the effects of flavor and spin-flavor conversions and point out that in both situations, a some what higher than estimated high energy tau neutrino flux from GRBs is expected in new km^2 surface area under water/ice neutrino telescopes.Comment: 16 pages, latex, one figure included as an eps file; improved and extended version of hep-ph/9901450 (to appear in Astroparticle Physics

ROLE OF MRI IN EVALUATION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT TEAR

Magnetic resonance imaging being a most advanced and non-invasive imaging modality is a gold standard imaging modality in the diagnosis of soft tissue injuries including the injuries of ligament and tendons because of its three dimensional approach.  Almost there are 360 joints in human body with the help of which we can move from one place to other, among them knee joint is the largest joint. It is a synovial joint of hinge variety which mainly allows flexion and extension. Knee joint is supported by a huge network of ligaments and tendons which provide a great strength and flexibility to the knee joint. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament are the important stabilizing ligaments of the knee joint these two ligaments connects the tibia with femur. Injury or torn to them can cause a critical clinical conditions to the patients suffering from that injury. Injury to anterior cruciate ligament is more frequent as compare to other ligamentous injuries of the knee. Injury to ACL occurs mostly by sudden change in direction so because of which it affects the people who take part in different types of sports like basketball, soccer, baseball skiing. Female athletes are at higher risk of having ACL tear as compare to males. ACL tear should be treated properly because injury to it can cause a serious clinical conditions like it can cause the immobilization of the subject until it is treated properly. For the accurate treatment there should be most advanced and highly sensitive diagnostic approach which aids in the addition of accurate information regarding the location, grading and the condition of ACL tear either there is  complete or partial tear. Magnetic resonance imaging modality can diagnosis ACL tears with a high accuracy with the help of specific protocols which are more sensitive to soft tissue injuries. Keywords: ANTERIOR CRUCIATE, LIGAMENT TEAR DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-10 Publication date:September 30th 202

Pharmacokinetic interaction potential assessment of cladrin, a potent bioactive constituent of Butea monosperma, and raloxifene, a prescription anti-osteoporotic by in vitro ADME approach

Raloxifene is a well-known modulator of estrogen receptors which is structurally similar to tamoxifen. As flavonoids can interact with the estrogen modulator raloxifene in vitro, we performed an in vitro stability study and in situ permeability assay of raloxifene and cladrin in female Sprague-Dawley rats when administered alone and when co-administered. The in vitro study samples were analyzed by HPLC; raloxifene administered individually and in combination with cladrin was compared. In this study, we investigated the absorption, metabolic stability, plasma stability, determination of permeability and plasma protein binding of both drugs in SD rats using an established in situ single pass intestinal perfusion model. Increase in the bioavailability of raloxifene and cladrin alone or in co-administration also could be because of the activation of P-glycoprotein in the rat intestine. Further the present report concludes on the basis of ATPase assay of both raloxifene and cladrin alone and in combination showed that both drugs are P-gp substrate. In in situ permeability assay showed that the both drugs competitively lower the permeability of each other but still the predicted human permeability value lied in the range of high permeability drug.

Tau Neutrinos Underground: Signals of νμ→ντ\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau Oscillations with Extragalactic Neutrinos

The appearance of high energy tau neutrinos due to $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ oscillations of extragalactic neutrinos can be observed by measuring the neutrino induced upward hadronic and electromagnetic showers and upward muons. We evaluate quantitatively the tau neutrino regeneration in the Earth for a variety of extragalactic neutrino fluxes. Charged-current interactions of the upward tau neutrinos below and in the detector, and the subsequent tau decay create muons or hadronic and electromagnetic showers. The background for these events are muon neutrino and electron neutrino charged-current and neutral-current interactions, where in addition to extragalactic neutrinos, we consider atmospheric neutrinos. We find significant signal to background ratios for the hadronic/electromagnetic showers with energies above 10 TeV to 100 TeV initiated by the extragalactic neutrinos. We show that the tau neutrinos from point sources also have the potential for discovery above a 1 TeV threshold. A kilometer-size neutrino telescope has a very good chance of detecting the appearance of tau neutrinos when both muon and hadronic/electromagnetic showers are detected.Comment: section added and two new figs; accepted for publication in Physical Review

Differentiation between river and dune sand, Hunter's Island and vicinity, Riley County, Kansas

Folded map in pocket

The Message of Quran

Pakistan298 p.; 22 c