Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries’ national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People’s felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencie

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencie

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencie

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencie

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape ContingenciesTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape ContingenciesTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Data of the manuscript Aversive control of Betta splendens behavior using water disturbances: Effects of signaled and unsignaled free-operant avoidance and escape contingencies

Research on aversive control of behavior using animal models typically employs electric-shock based procedures with avian and mammalian species. There is a need for testing shock-based facts about aversive control using other forms of stimulation and other species. Here you find available the data supporting the study in which we developed a preparation for studying free-operant avoidance with Betta splendens in which water flows (WFs) replaced electric shocks (Hurtado-Parrado, Acevedo-Triana, & Pear, 2019 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.021). Fish changed compartments in a shuttle tank to escape or avoid 10-s WFs, which were delivered with 30-s flow-flow (F-F) and response-flow (R-F) intervals. We tested the effect of adding a warning stimulus (curtains of air bubbles) to the last 5 s of the response-flow interval (i.e., signaled avoidance) on the bettas’ behavioral patterns. Crossings during the WFs were categorized as escape (Esc) and initiated a R-F interval. Crossings that occurred during R-F or F-F intervals were classified as avoidance, and likewise initiated an R-F interval. Avoidance crossings were further differentiated into early avoidance (EA) if crossing occurred during the first 25 s of the R-F interval; late avoidance (LA) if crossing occurred during the last 5 s of the R-F interval; and Flow-Flow avoidance (FF) if crossing occurred anytime during the F-F interval. Here we present the data of six bettas across the different phases of the study; namely, baseline (BL - no WFs programmed), signaled avoidance (SA - the warning stimulus was scheduled), and unsignaled avoidance (UA - no warning stimulus presented). The dataset available here includes for each fish and per daily session the total number of crossings; frequency of each type of crossing (Esc, EA, LA, FF); total WF frequency and duration, and the total time spent in each compartment. Escape was the predominant response across all fish, which importantly reduced their exposure to the WFs. Avoidance responses rarely exceeded the frequency of escape

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape ContingenciesTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Data for: Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape Contingencies

Data for the manuscript Aversive Control of Betta splendens Behavior Using Water Disturbances: Effects of Signaled and Unsignaled Free-Operant Avoidance and Escape ContingenciesTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV