Obtención de marcadores moleculares para su aplicación a la mejora genética del albaricoquero

La especie albaricoquero (P. armeniaca L.), originaria de China y Asia Central, se cultiva en España principalmente en Murcia y Valencia. La aparición y extensión del virus de la Sharka ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de obtener nuevas variedades resmoleculares que se han definido útiles en los procesos de selección en programas de mejora: RFLPs (Restriction Fragment Lenght Polimorphism), RAPDs (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA) y AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length Polimorphism).Con ellos se ha realizado un estudio de diversidad genética, utilizando 16 variedades de albaricoquero procedentes de Francia, España y Norteamérica, que incluyen variedades resistentes y susceptibles a Sharka. Algunas de ellas se están utilizando como genitores en el programa de mejora del IVIA. Se ha elaborado el primer mapa genómico de la especie albaricoquero, basado en los marcadores moleculares RAPDs y AFLPs. Se ha estudiado la herencia del carácter resistencia a Sharka, y se ha establecido la hipótesis de herencia basada en 2 genes independientes.Con el fin de obtener marcadores moleculares ligados a los caracteres autoincompatibilidad y androesterilidad en albaricoquero, se ha utilizado la técnica del Bulk Segregation Analysis (BSA) combinada con marcadores tipo RAPD.Hurtado Ruiz, MA. (1999). Obtención de marcadores moleculares para su aplicación a la mejora genética del albaricoquero [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/5426Palanci

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)