Climbing plants: life form and clasification

Un tipo biológico es una categoría morfo-estructural con correlato ecológico (adaptativo) que se aplica a diversas especies de plantas, de distintos grupos taxonómicos. Distintas especies, distintos individuos o incluso un mismo individuo a lo largo de su vida puede presentar distintos tipos biológicos. El tipo biológico trepador comprende a aquellas plantas que no se mantienen erguidas por sí mismas, se encaraman a soportes y crecen en altura. Se han propuesto numerosas clasificaciones de este tipo biológico, en su mayoría basadas en sus mecanismos de ascenso. Sin embargo, muchas especies desarrollan más de un mecanismo de ascenso, por lo cual su clasificación resulta conflictiva. Del análisis de diferentes esquemas propuestos consideramos que el esquema más apropiado consiste en distinguir dos grupos básicos: plantas escandentes (presencia de mecanismos de ascenso especializados: zarcillos, pecíolos prensiles, tallos volubles, raíces adherentes), y plantas apoyantes (ausencia de tales mecanismos). Las escandentes de tallos leñosos se denominan lianas, las de tallos herbáceos se llaman enredaderas. Este esquema pretende acotar el significado de estos términos, que muchas veces se confunden en la bibliografía. Esta contribución se basa en los estudios realizados en la región rioplatense, de donde provienen la mayoría de los ejemplos. Palabras clave: tipos biológicos, plantas trepadoras, lianas, enredaderas, plantas apoyantes, mecanismos de ascenso.A life form is a morpho-ecological category with structural (adaptive) correlate, applied to various species of plants of different taxonomic groups. Different species, different individuals or even the same individual throughout life may have different life forms. The climbing life form includes plants that are not kept upright by themselves, climb to a support and grow in height. Several classifications have been proposed of this life form, mostly based on their climbing mechanisms. However, many species develop more than one climbing mechanism, so their lassification is debatable. From the analysis of different schemes proposed, we consider the most appropriate is to distinguish two basic groups: scandent plants (presence of specialized climbing mechanisms: tendrils, petioles prehensile, voluble stems, adhesive roots) and leaning plants (absence of those mechanisms). Woody stemmed scandent plants are called lianas, while the herbaceous stemmed are called enredaderas. This scheme aims to limit the meaning of these terms, which are often confused in the literature. This contribution is based on studies in the Río de La Plata region, from where most of the examples. Keywords: life forms, climbing plants, lianas, enredaderas, leaning plants, climbing mechanism

A radio continuum survey of the southern sky at 1420 MHz. Observations and data reduction

We describe the equipment, observational method and reduction procedure of an absolutely calibrated radio continuum survey of the South Celestial Hemisphere at a frequency of 1420 MHz. These observations cover the area 0h < R.A. < 24h for declinations less than -10 degree. The sensitivity is about 50 mK T_B (full beam brightness) and the angular resolution (HPBW) is 35.4', which matches the existing northern sky survey at the same frequency.Comment: 9 pages with 9 figures, A&A, in pres

Lilium regale (Liliaceae) naturalizada en la Argentina y nuevos registros para Brasil austral

In this study Lilium regale (Liliaceae) is cited for the first time for Misiones, Argentina, where it occurs as a naturalized species, and new records for southern Brazil are added. The species description, synonymy, iconography, distribution, phenology, pollination, dispersal, vernacular names, uses, reference materials, and comments about its naturalization are included. A key to differentiate L. regale from L. longiflorum, the other naturalized Liliaceae in Argentina, is also presented.En este estudio se cita por primera vez a Lilium regale (Liliaceae) como especie naturalizada en Misiones, Argentina, y se suman nuevos registros para el sur de Brasil. Seincluye: descripción de la especie, sinonimia, iconografía, distribución, fenología, polinización, dispersión, nombres vernáculos, usos, materiales de referencia y comentarios sobre su naturalización. Además, se presenta una clave para diferenciar L. regale de L. longiflorum, la otra especie de Liliaceae naturalizada en la Argentin

Constellations of identity: place-ma(r)king beyond heritage

This paper will critically consider the different ways in which history and belonging have been treated in artworks situated in the Citadel development in Ayr on the West coast of Scotland. It will focus upon one artwork, Constellation by Stephen Hurrel, as an alternative to the more conventional landscapes of heritage which are adjacent, to examine the relationship between personal history and place history and argue the primacy of participatory process in the creation of place and any artwork therein. Through his artwork, Hurrel has attempted to adopt a material process through which place can be created performatively but, in part due to its non-representational form, proves problematic, aesthetically and longitudinally, in wholly engaging the community. The paper will suggest that through variants of ‘new genre public art’ such as this, personal and place histories can be actively re-created through the redevelopment of contemporary urban landscapes but also highlight the complexities and indeterminacies involved in the relationship between artwork, people and place

Significance of cyclonic SubTropical Oceanic Rings of Magnitude (STORM) eddies for the carbon budget of the euphotic layer in the subtropical northeast Atlantic

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2003. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 108, C12 (2003): 3383, doi:10.1029/2003JC001884.The interannual and seasonal variability of cyclonic eddies budded from the Azores Current during the period 1993–1999 in the northeast subtropical Atlantic region (20°N–34°N; 19°W–35°W) was studied by using TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1/2 altimeter images, the operational ocean mesoscale forecasting system SOPRANE, and a mesoscale eddies automatic detection system. Seventeen cyclonic eddies were detected and monitored for time periods ranging from 50 to 360 days. They were characterized by mean westward velocity, amplitude, diameter, and eccentricity of about 2 km d−1, 8 cm, 187 km and 0.7, respectively. The generation of cyclonic eddies was subjected to an important interannual variability, especially in 1995 when the activity of cyclonic eddies in the northeast Atlantic was more intense and associated with parallel changes in the eddy energy of the Azores Current. Seventy-five percent of the mesoscale features were generated throughout the October–February period. Significant relationships were found between the seasonal NAO index and both the annual eddy kinetic and potential energy in the Azores Current region and also the total annual area occupied by STORM eddies, calculated with a 1-year phase lag. The outcome of this study was used to estimate the contribution of STORM eddies to the organic carbon deficit measured in the northeast subtropical Atlantic. On average, these eddies accounted for <1% of the net community production in the region.This work has been done by CLS under contract (98.87.064.00.470.29.25) with SHOM/ CMO. This study was funded by the European Commission under the CANIGO contract MAS3CT960060 and CICYT. B. Mouriño was supported by a FPU fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacio´n y Cultura (Spain)