A la recherche de la centralité perdue

Les mutations majeures de l'organisation de l'espace économique semblent remettre en question le concept de centralité et ses applications tout particulièrement à l'échelle de la ville, des réseaux de villes et de l'économie globalisée. L'étalement urbain fait émerger une centralité diffuse, multiple. La globalisation recompose les flux matériels et immatériels, et redistribue le pouvoir économique au bénéfice des villes globales. Une analyse précise des termes « centre » et « centralité » et des phénomènes qu'ils recouvrent permet de montrer que les schémas classiques, convenablement adaptés, restent pertinents à l'échelle des villes, mais que de nouveaux schémas de centralité apparaissent bien au niveau mondial, essentiellement sur une base réticulaire. / The major changes of economic space organization seem to cast doubt over the concept of centrality and its applications, especially at the city, city network and global economy scales. Urban sprawl gives rise to a diffused or multiple centrality. Economic globalization reorganizes material and immaterial flows, and redistributes economic power to the advantage of global cities. A precise analysis of the terms center and centrality and of the phenomena they refer to permits to show that the classical patterns, if they are properly adapted, remain relevant at the urban scale, but that new centrality patterns are emerging at the world scale, on a reticular basis.VILLE;MONDIALISATION;RESEAU;CENTRALITE

The Monocentric Model and After

International audienc

L’interaction agglomération-croissance en économie géographique

International audienc

Mégapoles et globalisation. La taille ne fait pas la fonction

National audienceMost megacities (more than 5 million inhabitants) are located in developing countries and a number of them have a weak global economic role, if any. Most global cities are in the developed countries and they are not always very large city. There is a form of divergence between the size of the cities and their economic role in the global economy. This paper proposes some avenues for understanding this mega-global divergence.La plupart des mégapoles (villes de plus de 5 millions d'habitants) sont dans les pays classés par les Nations Unies comme « moins développés » et un très grand nombre d'entre elles n'ont pas ou qu'un rôle très faible sinon nul dans l'économie globale, alors que les villes globales se trouvent surtout dans les pays dits « plus développés » et ne sont pas toujours des villes de grande taille. Il existe donc une disjonction entre la taille des villes et leurs fonctions économiques. Ce papier s'interroge sur les raisons de cette disjonction en mettant l'accent sur le niveau de développement et la qualité des institutions

Minimum-cost distances in spatial analysis

An axiomatic approach to distance is developed which focuses on thosebehavioral concepts of distance related to movement in space. In particular,spatial movement by behaving units is postulated to involve a choice fromamong some set of abstract trips in space, and implicitly, to involve theminimization of some relevant notion of trip costs. In this context, therelevant behavioral notion of distance in space is taken to be theminimum-cost distance generated by this choice process. These trip-costconcepts extend the classical notions of paths, path lengths, and shortestpaths in metric spaces. Hence many of the analytical results of the paperinvolve extensions of classical shortest-path distance properties tominimum-cost distances. In addition to these extensions, a characterizationtheorem is given which specifies the possible functional relationships between trip costs and their associated path lengths. These relationships include most functional forms which are commonly employed in the literature

Econometric advances in spatial modelling and methodology essays in honour of Jean Paelinck

The purpose of models is not to fit the data but to sharpen the questions. S. Karlin, 11th R. A. Fisher Memorial Lecture, Royal Society, 20 April 1983 We are proud to offer this volume in honour of the remarkable career of the Father of Spatial Econometrics, Professor Jean Paelinck, presently of the Tinbergen Institute, Rotterdam. Not one to model solely for the sake of modelling, the above quotation nicely captures Professor Paelinck\u27s unceasing quest for the best question for which an answer is needed. His FLEUR model has sharpened many spatial economics and spatial econometrics questions! Jean Paelinck, arguably, is the founder of modem spatial econometrics, penning the seminal introductory monograph on this topic, Spatial Econometrics, with Klaassen in 1979. In the General Address to the Dutch Statistical Association, on May 2, 1974, in Tilburg, he coined the term [spatial econometrics] to designate a growing body of the regional science literature that dealt primarily with estimation and testing problems encountered in the implementation of multiregional econometric models (Anselin, 1988, p. 7); he already had introduced this idea in his introductory report to the 1966 Annual Meeting of the Association de Science Regionale de Langue Fran~aise.https://ecommons.aku.edu/books/1071/thumbnail.jp

Minimum-cost distances in spatial analysis

An axiomatic approach to distance is developed which focuses on thosebehavioral concepts of distance related to movement in space. In particular,spatial movement by behaving units is postulated to involve a choice fromamong some set of abstract trips in space, and implicitly, to involve theminimization of some relevant notion of trip costs. In this context, therelevant behavioral notion of distance in space is taken to be theminimum-cost distance generated by this choice process. These trip-costconcepts extend the classical notions of paths, path lengths, and shortestpaths in metric spaces. Hence many of the analytical results of the paperinvolve extensions of classical shortest-path distance properties tominimum-cost distances. In addition to these extensions, a characterizationtheorem is given which specifies the possible functional relationships between trip costs and their associated path lengths. These relationships include most functional forms which are commonly employed in the literature

A la recherche de la centralité perdue

The major changes of economic space organization seem to cast doubt over the concept of centrality and its applications, especially at the city, city network and global economy scales. Urban sprawl gives rise to a diffused or multiple centrality. Economic globalization reorganizes material and immaterial flows, and redistributes economic power to the advantage of global cities. A precise analysis of the terms center and centrality and of the phenomena they refer to permits to show that the classical patterns, if they are properly adapted, remain relevant at the urban scale, but that new centrality patterns are emerging at the world scale, on a reticular basis.Les mutations majeures de l'organisation de l'espace économique semblent remettre en question le concept de centralité et ses applications tout particulièrement à l'échelle de la ville, des réseaux de villes et de l'économie globalisée. L'étalement urbain fait émerger une centralité diffuse, multiple. La globalisation recompose les flux matériels et immatériels, et redistribue le pouvoir économique au bénéfice des villes globales. Une analyse précise des termes « centre » et « centralité » et des phénomènes qu'ils recouvrent permet de montrer que les schémas classiques, convenablement adaptés, restent pertinents à l'échelle des villes, mais que de nouveaux schémas de centralité apparaissent bien au niveau mondial, essentiellement sur une base réticulaire

Les chercheurs et leurs concepts : précision, pertinence et consensus

Bibliothèque de Science régionaleNational audiencePour chaque concept en analyse spatiale, il existe souvent plusieurs définitions qui insistent sur une facette de ce concept. L'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer le consensus ou la différence d'opinion qui prévaut pour 9 concepts (accessibilité, centre, espace, externalité spatiale, mobilité spatiale, région, réseau, territoire et ville) dans une communauté scientifique de chercheurs (économistes ou géographes), selon la précision, la pertinence empirique et opérationnelle qu'ils accordent à chaque définition

Minimum-cost distances in spatial analysis

An axiomatic approach to distance is developed which focuses on those behavioral concepts of distance related to movement in space. In particular, spatial movement by behaving units is postulated to involve a choice from among some set of abstract trips in space, and implicitly, to involve the minimization of some relevant notion of trip costs. In this context, the relevant behavioral notion of distance in space is taken to be the minimum-cost distance generated by this choice process. These trip-cost concepts extend the classical notions of paths, path lengths, and shortest paths in metric spaces. Hence many of the analytical results of the paper involve extensions of classical shortest-path distance properties to minimum-cost distances. In addition to these extensions, a characterization theorem is given which specifies the possible functional relationships between trip costs and their associated path lengths. These relationships include most functional forms which are commonly employed in the literature.37 pages, figures, bibliographi