Sorting protocol for packaging wastes

This sorting protocol describes a method to analyse post-consumer packaging waste samples in a relatively large detail. This detailed description of these lightweight packaging (LWP) wastes is required to provide compositional data which is required input data in material flow analysis. The protocol starts with describing the general requirements needed to study LWP in detail. Subsequently the method is described. This methodology is relative complex and laborious for LWP that contains plastic packages and is composed of three steps: sorting to main material by visual recognition, sorting into main polymer type with NIR and finally sorting into packaging typ

On the horizon European refugees and migrants advice and guidance into employment

Report of the European Union Employment-Horizon Project 1995-1997Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:m02/38599 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

PAHs in the urban air of Sarajevo: levels, sources, day/night variation, and human inhalation risk

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants derived from pyrolysis and pyrosynthesis processes. Industrial activity,motor vehicle emission, and domestic combustion are the main sources of PAHs in the urban atmosphere. In this work, samples collected during the day and night in the urban area of Sarajevo are analyzed separately for gaseous and particlebound PAHs; the possible origin of PAHs at the receptor site was suggested using different methods applied to the solid phase and to the total PAHs (gaseous + particulate phase). Finally, the risk level in Sarajevo associated to the carcinogenic character of the studied PAHs has been assessed. The result of this study suggests that (a) the total PAH concentrations were higher than those reported in other European cities; (b) the PAH daytime concentrations are higher than nocturnal concentrations: the sum of the PAH day/night ratios is 1.52 (gas) and 1.45 (particle phase); (c) stationary combustion and traffic were suggested to be the main sources of PAHs; (d) the average particle-bound benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) concentration (5.4 ng/m3) is higher than EU target annual value (1 ng/m3); and (e) PAH cancer risk exceeds the carcinogenic benchmark level recommended by the EPA mainly due to BaP during both the day and night periods