Paper Chromatograms of Body Mucus of Some Suckers (Family Catostomidae)

Phenol:water and butanol:acetic acid:water solvent systems were used with horizontal and descending paper chromatography of the body mucuses of Carpiodes, Catostomus, Ictiobus, Moxostoma, and Hypentelium. Mucus could be sampled in the field, applied to the chromatography paper, allowed to dry, and kept for several days without refrigeration. Chromatograms of fresh and dried mucus appeared the same. Horizontal runs were faster but were abandoned for the greater separation possible with descending techniques. Ninhydrin-stained descending chromatograms showed differences between some genera within a run. Descending chromatograms run in butanol:acetic acid:water and viewed with short wave ultraviolet light showed differences between most genera studied. The pattern seen depended on the mucus and the intensity and the wavelength of the ultraviolet light. There seemed to be no effect of age, sex, or area of collection of the fishes on the pattern. Chromatograms of the mucuses of Catostomus, Hypentelium, and Moxostoma, members of the subfamily Catostominae, all showed prominent fluorescent spots under ultraviolet light, while the chromatograms of the Carpiodes species studied (subfamily Ictiobinae) lacked this fluorescence

More Than 100 Students Travel to Six Countries on Global Learning Experiences in Spring 2013

What do the Brazilian aircraft maker Embraer, Nike, the Reserve Bank of India (India’s ‘Fed’), and Toyota have in common?https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/huntsman_news/1102/thumbnail.jp

Framing Sustainability for the Free, Frugal, and Fit & Fabulous

Days prior to the February, 2011 Utah State University student referendum, the ‘green police’ were out in force issuing ‘citations’ to students who drove to school or placed recyclable items in the trash. The ‘citations’ were actually political leaflets from representatives of the USU College Republicans dressed in satirical law enforcement garb, protesting the“Blue Goes Green” ballot measure that would impose a 25 cent-per-credit-hour fee (averaging about $3 per student per semester) to fund a proposed Student Sustainability Office and administer a grant program for student initiatives to conserve resources on campus. Although placed on the ballot by a student grassroots movement, the USU College Republicans viewed the fee as a “socialistic” tax. “It’s taking my ability to choose away,” Mikey Rodgerson, the group’s president, told the campus newspaper. “We live in a bad economy ... and the school has the audacity to propose an AstroTurf fee.”https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/huntsman_news/1190/thumbnail.jp

Monitoring and simulating threats to aquatic biodiversity in the Okavango Delta: field and laboratory methods

The Okavango Delta, situated in northwest Botswana between E22.0°-E24.0° and S18.0°-S20.5°, is the world's second largest inland wetland region. The Delta is actually an alluvial fan and is fed mainly by the Okavango River whose catchment lies largely in the highlands of central Angola (Fig 1). The river flows south-east through the Caprivi Strip in eastern Namibia, before entering into Botswana as a large river, some 200 m in width. The size of the Delta changes significantly throughout the year - during the dry season, the Delta is approximately 7,000 km2, and more than doubles in size to over 15,000 km^{2} during the wet season (Ramberg et al. 2006)

Judging a Part by the Size of its Whole: The Category Size Bias in Probability Judgments

Consumers might be said to have a prediction addiction—they speculate about sports, politics, weather, stocks, sweepstakes, health, and relationships, to name just a few areas. What’s more, predictions often guide their decisions.For example, they may decide to carry an umbrella after considering the chance of rain, to invest after forecasting the stock market’s performance, or to marry after predicting the likelihood of marital bliss. With all this practice, one might expect consumers to be good at judging probability. However, their predictions are often wrong.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/huntsman_news/1175/thumbnail.jp

The Population Structure of Ten Newfoundland Outports

This is the published version. Copyright 2000 Wayne State University Press.Island populations are most informative in the study of the genetic structure of human aggregates. These populations are often of small size, thus violating the Hardy-Weinberg assumption of infinite size. Some geographically isolated island populations are further subdivided by religion, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors, reducing their effective sizes and facilitating genetic changes due to stochastic processes. Because of extreme geographic and social isolation, fishing communities or outports of Newfoundland have been investigated for genetic micro-differentiation through the founder effect and genetic drift (Crawford et al. 1995). The purpose of this paper is to examine the population structure of 10 Newfoundland outports using the allelic frequencies derived from 12 red cell antigens. To achieve this goal, first we calculated gene frequencies using maximum-likelihood estimation procedures. Second, we used /{-matrix methods to explore population differentiation. Third, we regressed mean per-locus heterozygosity on genetic distance from the gene frequency centroid to identify the most isolated populations. On the basis of this information, the three outports of Seal Cove, Island Harbor, and Tilting were found to be genetically differentiated from the other small populations. Moreover, religious and geographic subdivisions appear to explain the observed genetic variation

Population History and Gene Divergence in Native Mexicans Inferred from 76 Human Exomes.

Native American genetic variation remains underrepresented in most catalogs of human genome sequencing data. Previous genotyping efforts have revealed that Mexico's Indigenous population is highly differentiated and substructured, thus potentially harboring higher proportions of private genetic variants of functional and biomedical relevance. Here we have targeted the coding fraction of the genome and characterized its full site frequency spectrum by sequencing 76 exomes from five Indigenous populations across Mexico. Using diffusion approximations, we modeled the demographic history of Indigenous populations from Mexico with northern and southern ethnic groups splitting 7.2 KYA and subsequently diverging locally 6.5 and 5.7 KYA, respectively. Selection scans for positive selection revealed BCL2L13 and KBTBD8 genes as potential candidates for adaptive evolution in Rarámuris and Triquis, respectively. BCL2L13 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and could be related to physical endurance, a well-known phenotype of the northern Mexico Rarámuri. The KBTBD8 gene has been associated with idiopathic short stature and we found it to be highly differentiated in Triqui, a southern Indigenous group from Oaxaca whose height is extremely low compared to other Native populations