Polarized light scattering by aerosols in the marine atmospheric boundary layer

The intensity and polarization of light scattered from marine aerosols affect visibility and contrast in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). The polarization properties of scattered light in the MABL vary with size, refractive index, number distributions, and environmental conditions. Laboratory measurements were used to determine the characteristics and variability of the polarization of light scattered by aerosols similar to those in the MABL. Scattering from laboratory-generated sea-salt-containing (SSC) [NaCl, (NH4)2SO4, and seawater] components of marine aerosols was measured with a scanning polarization-modulated nephelometer. Mie theory with Gaussian and log normal size distributions of spheres was used to calculate the polarized light scattering from various aerosol composition models and from experimentally determined distributions of aerosols in the marine boundary layer. The modeling was verified by comparison with scattering from distilled water aerosols. The study suggests that polarimetric techniques can be used to enhance techniques for improving visibility and remote imaging for various aerosol types, Sun angles, and viewing conditions

Statistical study of three hundred juvenile delinquents from the citizenship training department

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University, 1942. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Creative and Expressive Arts Therapy in Motivational Interviewing

The practices of Creative Arts Therapies (CATs), Expressive Arts Therapy (EATs), and Motivational Interviewing (MI) are regarded as profoundly impactful for use in mental health professions. While there is extensive literature supporting the benefits of the practices individually, research to date on combining CATs or EATs with MI is limited. This Capstone investigates the combination of the fields, including research linking MI to the fields under the CATs umbrella of art, dance/movement, drama, and music therapies. The key elements of each practice are defined, and their overlapping similarities are identified, examples of complementary CATs interventions to the practice of MI are included, concluding with a discussion of challenges and suggestions for possibilities for future research. Results indicate that to date there is no existing literature on integrating the EATs modality into MI conversation style; however, literature does exist on the separate modalities of CATs of art therapy, dance/movement therapy, drama therapy, and music therapy. The literature endorses myriad benefits of combining the CATs with MI, including identifying need for change, strengthening therapeutic bond, and offering nonverbal forms of expression to MI’s predominantly verbal conversational style

PSD-95 Is Associated with the Postsynaptic Density and Not with the Presynaptic Membrane at Forebrain Synapses

PSD-95, a prominent protein component of the postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction from rat forebrain, has been localized by light microscopy to dendrites of hippocampal neurons (Cho et al., 1992) and to the presynaptic plexus of cerebellar basket cells (Kistner et al., 1993). Here we extend these studies to show that an affinity-purified antibody to PSD-95 labels the dendrites of most neurons in the forebrain and of a subset of neurons in the cerebellum. To confirm that PSD-95 is associated with the PSD at forebrain synapses and to clarify whether it is also associated with the presynaptic membrane, we employed immunogold electron microscopy of forebrain synaptosomes. Gold-labeled antibodies to PSD-95 labeled postsynaptic densities in both intact and lysed forebrain synaptosomes but did not label presynaptic terminals or the presynaptic membrane. The asymmetric distribution of PSD-95 at synapses contrasts with that of its homologs, disks-large and ZO-1, which are arranged symmetrically at septate and tight junctions, respectively

The Price of Privilege: Is Virginia\u27s Ban on Mental Health Professionals\u27 Participation in Custody Determinations Really in the Best Interests of the Child

This article examines the national treatment of mental health care professionals\u27 participation in custody determinations and compares these practices with Virginia\u27s ban. Furthermore, this article explores the rationale behind the ban on therapist testimony while weighing the pros and cons of allowing such evidence to be used. It then takes a closer look at the arguments for repealing the ban and the possible benefits which could result from the 2008 repeal

Catholic Women’s Power in Changing Times

Significant political changes are taking place in Brasil, the United States, and many other countries. Likewise, ecclesial changes are taking place in the Roman Catholic Church during the pontificate of Francis. This paper explores some of the dynamics that include larger roles for women and backlash that accompanies such changes. One result is what the author calls “Cosmic Catholicism,” a way to describe a broadening and increasingly inclusive religious approach that can be conducive of justice and socially useful

Dropping out from school: a cross country review of literature

This paper provides an in-depth review and analysis of literature on dropping out from school, and focuses on children who have gained access, but fail to complete a basic education cycle. The main discussion is around why and how children drop out from school. Here drop out is not presented as a distinct event, but rather a process where a range of supply-demand factors interact to influence schooling access. The paper looks at literature in relation to household, community and social contexts of dropping out, as well as school supply and practices. It also explores what research is saying around pre-cursors to dropping out and factors which may influence retention. Finally, the study identifies gaps in research around dropping out and how CREATE research could address some of these

Shifting Abortion Attitudes using an Empathy-based Media Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Study

U.S. abortion restrictions diminish access and perpetuate a culture of hostility toward abortion seekers. Support for restrictions is high—potentially, because restriction knowledge is low and attitudes are complex. The current study focused on knowledge and support of restrictions and empathy for abortions seekers among Arkansans. The purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of a video intervention intended to increase awareness of Arkansas abortion restrictions and induce empathy for abortion seekers. Using a randomized controlled trial with pre-, post-, and follow-up design, a sample of Arkansans (N = 369) were randomly assigned to one of five video conditions--either a control or an intervention, varying by actor’s race and pregnancy narrative. Data were analyzed across the study with repeated-measures analyses of variance, chi-squared analyses, and hierarchical regressions. Manuscript 1: For knowledge of restrictions, there was a statistically significant interaction between the effects of time and video condition. Specifically, post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test and follow-up scores. In terms of support for restrictions, the time main effect was significant, but the group main effect was nonsignificant. Manuscript 2: chi-squares indicated participants who watched a testimonial where the woman was raped had higher empathetic feeling scores. Post-test empathy sum scores were a function of sex, experience with abortion and sexual assault, baseline Empathic Concern, and video condition; follow-up scores were a function of personal experiences with abortion and sexual assault, sex, and Empathic Concern. The testimonial depicting a Black woman who was raped induced the most empathy at post-test. The intervention was effective in increasing awareness and decreasing support for myriad Arkansas abortion restrictions. Knowledge scores were significantly higher among those who watched a testimonial; this may be because information was repeated or because emotional connections made the information more memorable. Support decreased across the study, however, the intervention did not have the hypothesized effect on this outcome. Prior personal experiences and internalization of abortion stigma can affect empathy induction. People were more empathetic for the woman who was raped compared with the consensual narrative. The hierarchy of abortion narratives may influence perceptions of abortion seekers

Theory and Practice of Counseling from a Personal Perspective: Adlerian Play Therapy Based upon the Application of Individual Psychology

Counseling theory and practice based upon Alfred Adler\u27s Individual Psychology was investigated. Current literature was reviewed which dealt with three topics: the author\u27s personal philosophy of counseling, marital therapy, and play therapy. The result of this study illustrates the interrelatedness of the topics and the positive interventions provided by an effective counselor