Method for producing edge geometry superconducting tunnel junctions utilizing an NbN/MgO/NbN thin film structure

A method for fabricating an edge geometry superconducting tunnel junction device is discussed. The device is comprised of two niobium nitride superconducting electrodes and a magnesium oxide tunnel barrier sandwiched between the two electrodes. The NbN electrodes are preferably sputter-deposited, with the first NbN electrode deposited on an insulating substrate maintained at about 250 C to 500 C for improved quality of the electrode

Edge geometry superconducting tunnel junctions utilizing an NbN/MgO/NbN thin film structure

An edge defined geometry is used to produce very small area tunnel junctions in a structure with niobium nitride superconducting electrodes and a magnesium oxide tunnel barrier. The incorporation of an MgO tunnel barrier with two NbN electrodes results in improved current-voltage characteristics, and may lead to better junction noise characteristics. The NbN electrodes are preferably sputter-deposited, with the first NbN electrode deposited on an insulating substrate maintained at about 250 to 500 C for improved quality of the electrode

The influence of fertilizers on the Vitamin-B content of wheat

Cover title.Bibliography: p. 40-41.Mode of access: Internet

Washington Pension System Review

The purpose of this study is to analyze the incidence of Total Permanent Disability (TPD)pensions in Washington State's workers' compensation program. Concerns exist at both thelegislature and in the Department of Labor and Industries as there appears to have been a sharp upturn in the number of pensions awarded since late in the 1990s. This report examines the factors that may be causally related to any upsurge in such awards. Our task is to evaluate pension incidence for both the state fund and the self-insured populations, with a view towards identifying causes of the trend in both sectors, although we concentrate more on the state fund Cclaims due to data limitations

Attitudes and Family Farm Business Performance

This study aimed to identify the top performing and the bottom performing family farm businesses based upon business performance, and then compare and contrast the perceptions and attitudes towards acquiring management skills and attributes that lead to improved business performance. Using extensive interviews data were obtained from 200 family farm businesses from New South Wales and Victoria covering a range of enterprises. The key findings were, firstly, that for all farmers the maintaining of a stable family relationship was of paramount importance in the running of the farm business. Secondly, that the Top 20% of farmers had high levels of self-efficacy and thus possessed the capability and the competence to perform tasks successfully. High performers also were more committed to the creation of long-term wealth and viewed business skills as a higher priority for training. Low performers were more highly committed to the farm's environmental health, placed a greater emphasis on production and sustainability for training and were more likely to give a lower priority to business issues. Both groups agreed that formal training that involved practical farmers with education skills providing them with tailor-made modules were best suited to their personal learning needs. The consistently high priority of family and business issues suggests that the opportunity exists to integrate the training of attitudes and skills with family, sustainable business practices and community issues. The study was funded by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.Farm Management,

The Potential Inversion Theorem

We prove the potential inversion theorem, which says that wavefunction probability in tight binding models is preserved under the sign inversion of the potential energy as long as the initial conditions occupy strictly even or odd lattice sites and are real up to a global phase. This symmetry requires that electron pairs time evolve like positronium and therefore form bound states. We explore this as well as other intriguing consequences of this simple theorem, such as the fact that particles can be trapped by negative potentials just as well as positive potentials. We discuss the potential inversion theorem in the context of lattice hopping models, spin interaction models, and quantum field theory, and show that it can simplify and explain a number of seemingly unrelated physical effects.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Treatise on the Merino and Anglo-Merino breeds of sheep

Signatures: B-O3Reclam

Local Employment Growth, Migration, and Public Land Policy: Evidence from the Northwest Forest Plan

Debates over protecting public land reveal two views. Some argue protection reduces commodity production, reducing local employment and increasing out-migration. Others contend protection produces amenities that support job growth and attract migrants. We test these competing views for the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP), which reallocated 11 million acres of federal land from timber production to protecting old-growth forest species. We find evidence that land protection directly reduced local employment growth and increased net migration. The total negative effect on employment was offset only slightly by positive migration-driven effects. Employment losses were concentrated in metropolitan counties, but percentage losses were higher in rural counties.amenities, employment growth, migration, Northwest Forest Plan, oldgrowth forests, public land management, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use,

Far‐Infrared Spectrum and Hindering Potential of Deuterium Peroxide

The hindered‐rotation motion in the deuterium peroxide molecule is investigated through a study of the far‐infrared absorption of the vapor. A 1‐m focal‐length vacuum grating spectrometer was used to scan the region from 20 to 400 cm−1 with an average resolution of 0.4 cm−1. Seven perpendicular‐type hindered‐rotation bands characterized by prominent Q branches and unresolved P‐ and R‐branch structure are observed in the spectrum. The band centers are located at 1.88, 42.3, 123.5, 136.8, 206.7, 250.9, and 302.6 cm−1. From these it is determined that, relative to the ground state, the first five excited hindered‐rotation states are at 1.88, 208.6, 250.9, 387.7, and 511.2 cm−1.A theory of internal rotation, developed for an earlier application to the far‐infrared spectrum of hydrogen peroxide, is applied to the D2O2 spectrum. In this theory the only internal degree of freedom is the dihedral angle x defining the relative position of the two OD groups. The Hamiltonian is put in the form H (asymmetric top) +H (internal rotation), where the inertial coefficients are functions of the internal angle x. A three‐parameter hindering potential is assumed, V(x) = V1cosx+V2cos2x+V3cos3xV(x)=V1cosx+V2cos2x+V3cos3x and the internal‐rotation wave equation is solved numerically by computer to obtain the potential parameters which reproduce the internal‐rotation energy eigenvalues. In the semirigid model adopted, the effective hindering potentials, bond lengths, and bond angles of H2O2 and D2O2 differ slightly. The data do not yield a complete set of effective bond lengths and angles for D2O2, but the product of the OD distance and the sine of the OOD angle is found to be 0.01 Å smaller than its H2O2 counterpart. As a result, the inertial parameter in the internal‐rotation wave equation is 2% larger than is predicted from the H2O2 data. Using this adjusted inertial parameter, the hindering potential V(x) = 994cosx+641cos2x+55cos3xV(x)=994cosx+641cos2x+55cos3x provides a good fit to the D2O2 data. For this potential function the cis and trans potential barrier heights are 2470 and 377 cm−1, respectively, and the potential minima are 110.8° from the cis configuration. These parameter values are similar to the corresponding H2O2 values of 2460 cm−1, 386 cm−1, and 111.5°.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71155/2/JCPSA6-45-8-3141-1.pd