Анализ термодинамических параметров нефтепровода с предварительным подогревом нефти в условиях Севера

Объектом исследования является трубопровод, на котором применяется технология перекачки нефти с предварительным подогревом. Цель работы – определить влияние термодинамических характеристик трубопроводного транспорта нефти в условиях Севера на эффективность технологии перекачки нефти с предварительным подогревом. В процессе исследования проводились гидравлические и тепловые расчеты, расчет оптимальной температуры транспорта, расчет экономической эффективности использования технологии транспорта с подогревом. Рассмотрены вопросы корректного описания вязкостно-температурной характеристики нефти для определения оптимальной температуры подогрева нефти, влияния термодинамических параметров системы «нефтепровод-окружающая среда» на эффективность применения предварительного подогрева.The object of research is the hot oil pipeline. Purpose - to determine the influence of the thermodynamic characteristics of the pipeline transport of oil in the North on the effectiveness of technology of hot oil transfer. The study carried out hydraulic and thermal calculations, the calculation of optimal transport temperature, calculation of economic efficiency of use of hot oil transport. The questions of the correct description of viscosity-temperature characteristics of the oil to determine the optimum temperature of heating oil, the effect of thermodynamic parameters of the system "pipeline-environment" on the effectiveness of transport. Presents measures for health and safety point of operation of oil heating, environmental protection, technical and economic part

HLA-DQB1 Allele and Hypocretin in Korean Narcoleptics with Cataplexy

Cataplexy is one of the most pathognomonic symptoms in narcolepsy. This study was designed to investigate the frequency of the HLA-DQB1 allele and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin levels in Korean narcoleptics with cataplexy as compared with those who do not have cataplexy. Seventy-two narcoleptics were selected based on polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test as well as their history and clinical symptoms at Sleep Disorders Clinic. The patients were divided into a narcolepsy with cataplexy group (n=56) and a narcolepsy without cataplexy group (n=16). All patients were subjected to HLA typing to determine the frequency of DQB1 allele and to spinal tapping to measure the level of CSF hypocretin. In cataplexy-positive patients, as compared with cataplexy-negative patients, the frequency of HLA-DQB1*0602 was found to be significantly high (89.3% vs. 50.0%) (p=0.003). On the other hand, the frequency of HLA-DQB1*0601 was found to be significantly low (0% vs. 43.8%) (p<0.001). In 48 of 56 cataplexy-positive patients (85.7%), hypocretin levels were decreased (≤110 pg/mL). However, only 6 of 16 cataplexy-negative patients (37.5%) exhibited a decreased hyopcretin level (p<0.001). The high frequency of HLA-DQB1*0602, low frequency of HLA-DQB1*0601 and low hypocretin levels in cataplexy-positive groups suggest that cataplexy-positive narcolepsy might be an etiologically different disease entity from the cataplexy-negative

Understanding hereditary diseases using the dog and human as companion model systems

Animal models are requisite for genetic dissection of, and improved treatment regimens for, human hereditary diseases. While several animals have been used in academic and industrial research, the primary model for dissection of hereditary diseases has been the many strains of the laboratory mouse. However, given its greater (than the mouse) genetic similarity to the human, high number of naturally occurring hereditary diseases, unique population structure, and the availability of the complete genome sequence, the purebred dog has emerged as a powerful model for study of diseases. The major advantage the dog provides is that it is afflicted with approximately 450 hereditary diseases, about half of which have remarkable clinical similarities to corresponding diseases of the human. In addition, humankind has a strong desire to cure diseases of the dog so these two facts make the dog an ideal clinical and genetic model. This review highlights several of these shared hereditary diseases. Specifically, the canine models discussed herein have played important roles in identification of causative genes and/or have been utilized in novel therapeutic approaches of interest to the dog and human

Differential requirements for Gli2 and Gli3 in the regional specification of the mouse hypothalamus.

Secreted protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh) ventralizes the neural tube by modulating the crucial balance between activating and repressing functions (GliA, GliR) of transcription factors Gli2 and Gli3. This balance—the Shh-Gli code—is species- and context-dependent and has been elucidated for the mouse spinal cord. The hypothalamus, a forebrain region regulating vital functions like homeostasis and hormone secretion, shows dynamic and intricate Shh expression as well as complex regional differentiation. Here we asked if particular combinations of Gli2 and Gli3 and of GliA and GliR functions contribute to the variety of hypothalamic regions, i.e. we wanted to clarify the hypothalamic version of the Shh-Gli code. Based on mouse mutant analysis, we show that: 1) hypothalamic regional heterogeneity is based in part on differentially stringent requirements for Gli2 or Gli3; 2) another source of diversity are differential requirements for Shh of neural vs non-neural origin; 3) Gli2 is indispensable for the specification of a medial progenitor domain generating several essential hypothalamic nuclei plus the pituitary and median eminence; 4) the suppression of Gli3R by neural and non-neural Shh is essential for hypothalamic specification. Finally, we have mapped our results on a recent model which considers the hypothalamus as a transverse region with alar and basal portions. Our data confirm the model and are explained by it

Finding trim points of the ICE model using interval analysis

In this work interval analysis is applied to the thirteen control effector Innovative Control Effectors model to find its trim set. The method to find trim states is based on interval box consistency. At low speed the method is capable of finding interval enclosures of single trim points with a high accuracy if the minimum number of required control effectors is used. At higher speeds the found accelerations are larger. When looking for a full trim set the method finds continuous bounds on the control effectors for the entire input range in one run. This is a good demonstration of the advantages that interval analysis has over conventional methods that generally can only find one trim point at a time. The found bounds are a maximum of 1 deg wide for each control effector, but despite this the remaining accelerations can be up to 0.5 m/s^2 for linear accelerations and up to 10 deg/s^2 for rotational accelerations. Because of these large accelerations the found solutions are not acceptable as trim conditions. On the other hand the potential that interval analysis has as a trimming method is demonstrated, since continuous bounds on trim sets have been found in a single run. This is a feat that no other trimming method has yet accomplished. Further research is needed to exploit the full potential of interval trim methods so that the results can be used for other purposes such as flight envelope prediction.Aerospace Engineerin

Tentamen Academicum De Sponsalibus Clandestinis Penitus Proscribendis : In Hac Alma Ac Florentissima Academia Electorali Maximilianea Bonnensi Ad Diem XXVIII. Februarii Anni MDCCLXXXII

Quod Subiit ... D. Joannes Petrus Josephus Hungs ...Autopsie nach Ex. der ULB DüsseldorfVorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Bonnae, Ex Typographia Elect. Acad. Apud Joan. Frid. Abshove