1,318 research outputs found
Adaptive RF Pigtail Probe Modeling for De-embedding of RF Measurements
This disclosure describes techniques for accurate estimation and de-embedding of the effects of pigtail probes in circuits. An adaptive pigtail model is developed and described that can accurately de-embed the effects of pigtail probes in digital circuits. Example parameters are identified that include pigtail length, tip length, pigtail tilt degree, ground distance, and solder amount. A pigtail simulation model is developed to model the soldered pigtail probe. The dependency of circuit impedance on the identified parameters is determined by experimentation which indicates that circuit performance can be boosted by short ground distance lengths, low tilt angles, thick support wires, short pin and cable lengths, and thick support wires. The pigtail model can be utilized to derive de-embedded results for different pigtail probe configurations without a need for explicitly measuring de-embedded results for those configurations
Application of optical single-sideband laser in Raman atom interferometry
A frequency doubled I/Q modulator based optical single-sideband (OSSB) laser
system is demonstrated for atomic physics research, specifically for atom
interferometry where the presence of additional sidebands causes parasitic
transitions. The performance of the OSSB technique and the spectrum after
second harmonic generation are measured and analyzed. The additional sidebands
are removed with better than 20 dB suppression, and the influence of parasitic
transitions upon stimulated Raman transitions at varying spatial positions is
shown to be removed beneath experimental noise. This technique will facilitate
the development of compact atom interferometry based sensors with improved
accuracy and reduced complexity
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Interfacial Electrochemistry of Copper and Spectro-Electrochemical Characterization of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
The first part of this dissertation highlights the contents of the electrochemical characterization of Cu and its electroplating on Ru-based substrates. The growth of Ru native oxide does diminish the efficiency of Cu plating on Ru surface. However, the electrochemical formed irreversible Ru hydrate dioxide (RuOxHy) shows better coverage of Cu UPD. The conductive Ru oxides are directly plateable liner materials as potential diffusion barriers for the IC fabrication. The part II of this dissertation demonstrates the development of a new rapid corrosion screening methodology for effective characterization Cu bimetallic corrosion in CMP and post-CMP environments. The corrosion inhibitors and antioxidants were studied in this dissertation. In part III, a new SEC methodology was developed to study the ORR catalysts. This novel SEC cell can offer cheap, rapid optical screening results, which helps the efficient development of a better ORR catalyst. Also, the SEC method is capable for identifying the poisoning of electrocatalysts. Our data show that the RuOxHy processes several outstanding properties of ORR such as high tolerance of sulfation, high kinetic current limitation and low percentage of hydrogen peroxide
Magneto-optical trap performance for high-bandwidth applications
We study the dynamics of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) operating at
high-bandwidth. We find the absolute importance of high recapture efficiency
between cycles to maintain a practical atom number. We develop a simple model
accounting for MOT trapping forces and pressure induced collisions and validate
with experimental data using . This is then applied to
quantum sensing predicting a shot noise limited sensitivity of
for a gravimeter at 100 Hz operation. The results
are useful for understanding MOT operation at high-bandwidth, particularly in
the context of developing mobile high-bandwidth quantum inertial sensors
targeting dynamic environments and navigation applications
Magneto-Optical Trap Performance for High-Bandwidth Applications
We study the dynamics of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) operating at high bandwidth. We find the absolute importance of high recapture efficiency between cycles to maintain a practical atom number. We develop a simple one-dimensional model accounting for MOT trapping forces and pressure-induced collisions and verify with experimental data using 87Rb. This is then applied to quantum sensing, predicting a shot noise limited sensitivity of 1×10−7 g/√Hz for a gravimeter at 100 Hz operation. The results are useful for understanding MOT operation at high bandwidth, particularly in the context of developing mobile high-bandwidth quantum inertial sensors targeting dynamic environments and navigation applications
MiniSUPERB: Lightweight Benchmark for Self-supervised Speech Models
Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a popular research topic in speech
processing. Successful SSL speech models must generalize well. SUPERB was
proposed to evaluate the ability of SSL speech models across many speech tasks.
However, due to the diversity of tasks, the evaluation process requires huge
computational costs. We present MiniSUPERB, a lightweight benchmark that
efficiently evaluates SSL speech models with comparable results to SUPERB while
greatly reducing the computational cost. We select representative tasks and
sample datasets and extract model representation offline, achieving 0.954 and
0.982 Spearman's rank correlation with SUPERB Paper and SUPERB Challenge,
respectively. In the meanwhile, the computational cost is reduced by 97% in
regard to MACs (number of Multiply-ACcumulate operations) in the tasks we
choose. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine not
only the computational cost of a model itself but the cost of evaluating it on
a benchmark
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FAM129B, an antioxidative protein, reduces chemosensitivity by competing with Nrf2 for Keap1 binding.
BackgroundThe transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of antioxidant response. While Nrf2 activation may counter increasing oxidative stress in aging, its activation in cancer can promote cancer progression and metastasis, and confer resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thus, Nrf2 has been considered as a key pharmacological target. Unfortunately, there are no specific Nrf2 inhibitors for therapeutic application. Moreover, high Nrf2 activity in many tumors without Keap1 or Nrf2 mutations suggests that alternative mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation exist.MethodsInteraction of FAM129B with Keap1 is demonstrated by immunofluorescence, colocalization, co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay. Antioxidative function of FAM129B is analyzed by measuring ROS levels with DCF/flow cytometry, Nrf2 activation using luciferase reporter assay and determination of downstream gene expression by qPCR and wester blotting. Impact of FAM129B on in vivo chemosensitivity is examined in mice bearing breast and colon cancer xenografts. The clinical relevance of FAM129B is assessed by qPCR in breast cancer samples and data mining of publicly available databases.FindingsWe have demonstrated that FAM129B in cancer promotes Nrf2 activity by reducing its ubiquitination through competition with Nrf2 for Keap1 binding via its DLG and ETGE motifs. In addition, FAM129B reduces chemosensitivity by augmenting Nrf2 antioxidative signaling and confers poor prognosis in breast and lung cancer.InterpretationThese findings demonstrate the important role of FAM129B in Nrf2 activation and antioxidative response, and identify FMA129B as a potential therapeutic target. FUND: The Chang Gung Medical Foundation (Taiwan) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan)
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