The Role of Zooplankton Predator, Chaetognaths (Sagitta Spp) in Baguala Bay Waters, Ambon Island

Study on the chaetognaths of the Baguala bay waters, Ambon island has been done at approximately monthly intervals during January to March and May to September 1994. Sampling was carried out during the day time by using a 200 µm meshed WP2 zooplankton net at 7 fixed stations. Eleven species of chaetognaths belonging to the genus Sagitta and 2 other species (Pterosagitta draco and Krohnitta pacifica) were recorded. A total of 23,960 individuals of chaetognaths were examined and of these 4,546 individuals contained prey in their guts. The copepods were the dominant prey of Sagitta enflata, accounting for 73.80% of the diet. It was found that the food containing ratio (FCR) of stage 2 of S. enflata was higher than the other stages, while the number prey per chaetognath (NPC) of stage 3 of S. enflata was higher than other stages, and the daily feeding rate (DFR) of S. enflata (all stages) recorded at stations in the mouth of the bay was slightly higher than at stations inside of the bay. The FCRs, NPCs, and DFRs of P. draco were lower than S. enflata, therefore the impact on the copepods community structure would be greatest in this season and the stations in the mouth of the bay

EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN KARTU NELAYAN KOTA AMBON

Fisherman card is the identity card of fisherman in which the fisherman can prove his identity as a fisherman. The card is also the main requirement for the fisherman to access programs that issued by government. Those programs from the government such as fisherman insurance program, SeHAT fisherman program, provision of fishing facilities and infrastructure for fisherman. Provision of subsidized fuel oil and capital were given to fisherman that corporate with bank. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness, impact, affect, benefits and policies from the programs of provision fisherman card that issued by the governmant. The research location was conducted in Latuhalat, Eri and Galala villages in Ambon city. Data were analysed by using (1) trend analysis method, (2) content analysis, (3) descriptive statistic analysis, and (4) path analysis. The results showed that there were 1.176 or 19,52%. The impact of using fisherman cards in Ambon city such as like 55 facilities and infrastructures given to the fisherman, 1.002 fisherman who have already got insurance, there were 140 certificates of rights to the land of fisherman. Additionally, Pertamina has allocated 70 tons of fuel every month in a year. The policy formulation to increase the effectiveness of fisherman card policies in Ambon city obtained a causality and parameter coefficient relationship between Fishermen with Policy Effectiveness of 63%, Government with a Policy Effectiveness of 72%, Government with Fishermen at 75%, Government with Stakeholders at 84%, and Stakeholders with Policy Effectiveness of 51%.   ABSTRAK Kartu Nelayan adalah Kartu Identitas Nelayan yang dapat membuktikan identitas diri sebagai nelayan. Kartu Nelayan merupakan syarat utama untuk nelayan dapat mengakses program yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk nelayan. Program pemerintah tersebut antara lain Program Asuransi Nelayan, Program SeHAT Nelayan, Pemberian Sarana dan Prasarana Penangkapan Ikan, Pemberian BBM bersubsidi dan Permodalan yang bekerjasama dengan pihak perbankkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efektifitas, dampak dan manfaat serta kebijakan pemberian program Kartu Nelayan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Latuhalat, Desa Eri dan Desa Galala, Kota Ambon. Metode analisa data yang  digunakan adalah (1) Metode Analisis Trend, (2) Analisis Content/Analisis Isi, (3) Analisis Statistik Deskriptif, dan (4) Analisis Jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah kartu nelayan untuk Kota Ambon tahun 2011-2018 berjumlah 1.176 orang atau 19,52% dari jumlah nelayan di Kota Ambon. Manfaat kartu nelayan di Kota Ambon antara lain telah diserahkan bantuan sarana prasarana tahun 2015-2017 berjumlah 55 buah, nelayan telah memiliki asuransi nelayan yang berjumlah 1.002 jiwa, Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah Nelayan berjumlah 140 bidang tanah. Selain itu, alokasi subsidi BBM dari Pertamina melalui Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Maluku sebanyak 70 ton setiap bulan dalam setahun. Rumusan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan efektifitas kebijakan kartu nelayan di kota Ambon diperoleh hubungan kausalitas dan koefisien parameter antara Nelayan dengan Efektifitas Kebijakan sebesar 63%, Pemerintah dengan Efektifitas kebijakan sebesar 72%, Pemerintah dengan Nelayan sebesar 75%, Pemerintah dengan Stakeholders sebesar 84%, dan Stakeholders dengan Efektifitas Kebijakan sebesar 51 %. Kata Kunci : efektivitas, kartu nelayan, kebijakan, Kota Ambon, program nelaya

DISTRIBUSI ZOOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN TELUK KOTANIA, KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

The research was conducted at 11 stations in Kotania Bay, West Seram.  Sampling was done in April (Period 1),  July (Period 2) and October (Period 3) 2017.  Zooplankton were collected horizontally by using plankton net NORPAC, diameter 0.45 m and mesh size 0.33 mm.  There were 30 genera of zooplankton found in Kotania Bay waters.  Calanus sp.  and Acartia sp. has a widely distribution where found in all three stations and all period of data collection.  The highest abundance was in period 3 especially for stations 1 as many as 3. 806 ind. m-3 respectively.  Station 1 was a potential habitat for feeding ground and larva, juvenile rearing of commercial fish species due to zooplankton provision as important food resources.  Additionally, station 1, station 9 and station 7 were spawning and feeding grounds of adult commercial fish species, belonged to herbivore and planktovora due to highly abundance of zooplankton.   ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakukan pada 11 stasiun pengamatan di perairan Teluk Kotania, Seram Bagian Barat. Pengambilan sampel zooplankton dilakukan pada bulan April (Periode 1), bulan Juli (Periode 2) dan bulan Oktober (Periode 3) tahun 2017. Sampel zooplankton dikoleksi dengan  menggunakan jaring plankton tipe NORPAC, dengan diameter jaring 0,45 m dan ukuran mata jaring 0,33 mm. Pengambilan sampel zooplankton dilakukan secara horizontal. Sebanyak 30 genus zooplankton ditemukan di perairan Teluk Kotania. Zooplankton yang distribusinya  luas dan ditemukan di semua  stasiun  pada  3 periode penelitian adalah Calanus sp dan Acartia sp.  Kelimpahan zooplankton tertinggi pada Periode 3, terutama pada stasiun 1 yaitu sebanyak 3.806 ind/m3. Stasiun 1merupakan  habitat yang potensial  bagi tempat makan dan pembesaran larva, juvenile dan anakan ikan-ikan ekonomis  karena didukung oleh ketersediaan zooplankton sebagai sumber makanan yang penting. Selain itu stasiun 1, stasiun 9 dan stasiun 7, merupakan habitat pemijahan dan mencari makan dari spesies-spesies ikan ekonomis dewasa dari kelompok ikan herbivora dan planktivora, karena didukung oleh melimpahnya zooplankton. Kata Kunci : zooplankton, distribusi, habitat pakan, Teluk Kotania, ikan ekonomi

KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI NELAYAN KERAPU (FAMILI SERRANIDAE) DI PERAIRAN TELUK KOTANIA, SERAM BAGIAN BARAT, PROVINSI MALUKU

The coastal region of Kotania Bay located in the Western part of Seram Island is a semi-enclosed coastal area that has a unique ecosystem of mangrove ecosystems, seagrass and coral reefs that live side by side with each other. In these ecosystems there is a rich diversity of marine biological resources such as fish, molluscs, ecinoderms, crustaceans and macro-algae of economic and non-economic value. Grouper fish (Serranidae) and groups of snapper (Lutjanidae) are important economical fish that have the largest number of species in these waters. Thus, the role of coastal communities in this case grouper fisherman is very necessary in the management of grouper fish resources in the future.Therefore, this study aims to examine the socio-economic condition of grouper fishermen (Serranidae family) in the waters of Kotania Bay, West Seram, Maluku Province.Based on the results of research, the main livelihoods of people in the coast of Kotania Bay are fishermen, are in the productive age category, with a considerable level of elementary school education. The number of fishermen with <20 years' business experience is high. 55% of fishermen income> Rp. 100.000.000 and including prosperous category. Four types of traditional fishing gear are operated by fishermen in the waters of Kotania Bay to catch the economical fish, primarily grouper fish. Economical fishing areas, especially grouper fish from four fishing gear by habitat in the waters of Kotania Bay have been mapped.   ABSTRAK Wilayah pesisir Teluk Kotania  yang berada di Pulau Seram bagian barat merupakan wilayah pesisir semi tertutup yang memiliki keunikan ekosistem berupa ekosistem mangrove, padang lamun dan terumbu karang yang hidup saling berdampingan satu sama lainnya. Pada ekosistem tersebut terdapat keanekaragaman sumberdaya hayati laut yang kaya seperti, ikan, moluska, ekinodermata, krustasea dan makro-algae yang bernilai ekonomi dan non-ekonomi.  Ikan kerapu (Serranidae) dan kelompok ikan kakap (Lutjanidae) merupakan ikan ekonomis penting yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak pada perairan tersebut. Dengan demikian, peranan masyarakat pesisir dalam hal ini nelayan kerapu sangat diperlukan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan kerapu ke depan. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi sosial ekonomi nelayan kerapu (famili Serranidae) di perairan Teluk Kotania, Seram Bagian Barat, Provinsi Maluku. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, mata pencaharian utama masyarakat di pesisir Teluk Kotania adalah nelayan, berada pada kategori umur produktif,  dengan tingkat pendidikan SD yang cukup banyak. Jumlah nelayan dengan pengalaman usaha < 20 tahun tergolong tinggi. Pendapatan 55% nelayan > Rp. 100.000.000 dan termasuk kategori sejahtera. Empat  jenis alat tangkap tradisional dioperasikan oleh nelayan di perairan Teluk Kotania untuk menangkap ikan ekonomis, utamanya ikan kerapu. Daerah penangkapan ikan ekonomis, terutama ikan kerapu dari empat alat tangkap menurut habitat di perairan Teluk Kotania berhasil dipetakan. Kata kunci: Sosial, Ekonomi, Nelayan kerapu, Serranidae, Teluk Kotani

Laju Pertumbuhan Lamun Enhalus acoroides yang Di Transplantasi dengan Menggunakan Metode Terfs Di Perairan Pantai Desa Waai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Coastal utilization that is not directed by the surrounding community such as sand and stone extraction and disposal of solid and liquid waste to the beach can cause damage to coastal ecosystems including seagrass ecosystems. Efforts to restore the diminishing condition of the seagrass ecosystem is through seagrass transplantation activities using the TERFS (Transplanting Eelgrass Remotely With Frame System) method. This research was conducted from February 2019 - 31 May 2019. This study aimed to analyze the survival rate and growth rate and physical chemical factors of the waters that affect the growth of the seagrass Enhalus acorides transplanted using the poly bag method and the TERFS method (Transplanting Eelgrass Remotely With Frame System) in the coastal waters of Waai Village, Central Maluku Regency. The results showed that the Enhalus acorides seagrass had a survival rate of 100%. The value of the growth of seagrass for three weeks of observation is in frame 1 of 0.43 cm / day, in frame II of 0.47 cm / day and in frame III of 0.46 cm / day. The average value of the physical chemistry parameters of the waters at the transplantation location using the coastal waters of Waai Village, Central Maluku Regency is still within the range of environmental parameters of the marine waters supporting the growth of seagrass Enhalus acorides, including temperatures of 30.67 ℃, brightness of 100%, water depth of 45.67 cm, current velocity of 0.46 cm / sec, salinity of 29 ‰ and water pH of 7.53. The average value of nitrate content in the water colum