Influencing Factors of Anger Induced by Patients in Medical Situations

Objective: This study was made to explore the inducing factors of patients’ anger in medical treatment in order to provide a solid and reliable theoretical basis for preventing doctor-patient conflicts, improving doctor-patient relationship, and promoting doctor-patient harmony and social harmony. Method: develop the “Questionnaire of the Inducing Factors of Anger in the Doctor-patient Relationship”and use the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) to survey the 111 patients that had experienced medical disputes or doctor-patient conflicts and actually got angry in the conflicts in the Hospital of Dali University.The SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to establish database and analyze the obtained data. Result: 1. The Influence of demographic variable on the anger of patients. The anger of the patients between 46-55 years old was significantly higher than that of patients below 25, between 25-35 or above 66. Patients with junior high school degree or lower had the highest emotion of anger, and then those with senior high school degree (including technical secondary school) followed. Patients with no jobs had the highest emotion of anger, and then farmers and workers followed, which were significantly higher than that of patients engaged in other occupations. Patients with the monthly income of RMB 2000 yuan or lower had the highest emotion of anger, and then those with no stable source of income followed, which were significantly higher than those with higher monthly income. 2. The anger of patients was significantly negatively correlated to their trustfulness in medial workers, but significantly positively correlated to medical costs, the communication with medical workers, their cognition of the medical condition, medical workers’ disclosure of patients’ condition, the medical treatment effect, medical workers’ problem-solving ability, medical facilities and environment and medical workers’ professional level. Conclusion: In the medical treatment, the main inducing factors that may evoke the anger of patients are: the communication with medical workers; the attitude of medical workers; medical treatment effect; medical workers’ professional level

Investigations of urethral sphincter activity in mice with bladder hyperalgesia before and after drug administration of gabapentin.

PurposeThis study investigated the effect of gabapentin on lower urinary tract dysfunction focusing on urethral activities and cystitis-induced hyperalgesia in a mouse model of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC). The electromyography (EMG) of external urethral sphincter (EUS) was difficult to obtain, but contained useful information to examine the drug effect in mice.MethodsFemale C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally (ip) administration with either saline or 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CYP) 48 h before experimental evaluation. Cystitis mice were treated with administration of gabapentin (25 or 50 mg/kg, ip). Cystometry and EUS EMG were obtained and analyzed during continuous bladder infusion. The visceral pain-related visceromotor reflex (VMR) was recorded in response to isotonic bladder distension.ResultsCystitis mice showed shorter inter-contraction intervals and increased occurrence of non-voiding contractions during bladder infusion, with increased VMR during isotonic bladder distension, indicating cystitis-induced bladder hyperalgesia. Gabapentin (50 mg/kg) suppressed effects of CYP on cystometry, but not on EUS EMG activity, during bladder infusion. The effect on urodynamic recordings lasted 4 h. VMR was significantly reduced by gabapentin.ConclusionsThe present study showed that CYP-induced cystitis in mice is a model of visceral hyperalgesia affecting detrusor contractions, not urethral activations. The technique of using EUS EMG to evaluate the drug effects on urethral activities is novel and useful for future investigations. Gabapentin can be as a potential treatment for detrusor overactivity and PBS/IC

A Novel Peptide Derived from Human Pancreatitis-Associated Protein Inhibits Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro and Blocks NF-Kappa B Signaling Pathway

BACKGROUND: Pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) is a pancreatic secretory protein belongs to the group VII of C-type lectin family. Emerging evidence suggests that PAP plays a protective effect in inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we newly identified a 16-amino-acid peptide (named PAPep) derived from C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of human PAP with potent anti-inflammatory activity using both in vivo and in vitro assays. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of PAPep on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and demonstrated that intravitreal pretreatment of PAPep concentration-dependently attenuated clinical manifestation of EIU rats, reduced protein leakage and cell infiltration into the aqueous humor (AqH), suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 production in ocular tissues, and improved histopathologic manifestation of EIU. Furthermore, PAPep suppressed the LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, inhibited protein expression of ICAM-1 in TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as U937 cells adhesion to HUVECs. Western blot analysis in ocular tissues and different cell lines revealed that the possible mechanism for this anti-inflammatory effect of PAPep may depend on its ability to inhibit the activation of NF-kB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our studies provide the first evidence that the sequence of PAPep is within the critically active region for the anti-inflammatory function of PAP and the peptide may be a promising candidate for the management of ocular inflammatory diseases

Sentosa : a lifestyle destination in the making?

This study aims to find out visitors’ experience and perceptions of the various plans of Sentosa. It also explores visitors’ future expectations of how Sentosa should develop, together with their awareness of the events and promotions in Sentosa and how appealing these programmes are to them

Differential expression of α6 and β1 integrins reveals epidermal heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution

Skin epidermis is a constantly renewing epithelium that is composed of various cell types and provides an ideal model system for tissue regeneration and heterogeneity studies. Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate cell adhesion in the epidermis, and integrin expression spatially reflects epidermal heterogeneity. It remains unclear whether differential expression of integrins can characterize cell types in skin epidermis. This study applied a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) strategy based on differential expression of α6 and β1 integrins, and used transcriptome analysis to explore epidermal heterogeneity. First, epidermal cells were acquired from C57BL/6 mice back skin. Nine bulk-cell populations were sorted with differential expressions of α6 and β1 integrins, and were successfully characterized as the main cell types in the epidermis through RNA-seq and transcriptome analysis. Then, tetOKrt14-H2BGFP mice were used to trace the cell proliferation rate during wound healing with GFP intensity. Epidermal cells were acquired from the re-epithelialized back skin wounds, and a total of 576 single cells were sorted, combining integrin expression and GFP tracing. FACS single-cell RNA-seq enabled high resolution in the classification of subtypes in both interfollicular epidermis and hair follicle, and both quiescent and intermediate cell states of the basal and infundibulum stem cell populations were distinguished. This study proposed a presorted method to investigate the relationship between integrin expression and epidermal heterogeneity. Multiple epidermal cell types and their expression profiles were identified, which provides data resources for dermatology research

A novel shot boundary detection framework

Shot boundary detection servers as a preliminary step to structure the content of videos. Up to now, a large number of methods have been proposed. We give a brief overview of previous works with a novel view, focusing on the solutions of the two main disturbances, i.e., abrupt illuminance change and great camera or object motion. Then this paper presents a novel shot boundary detection framework, consisting of three components: fade out/in (abbreviated as FOI) detector, cut detector and gradual transition (abbreviated as GT) detector. The key technique of FOI detector is the recognition of monochrome frames. For cut detection, a second-order difference method is firstly applied to obtain candidate cuts, and then a post-processing procedure is taken to eliminate the false positives. In GT detector, the twin-comparison approach is employed to detect short gradual transition which lasts less than six frames, while for long gradual transition, an improvement of twin-comparison algorithm is designed. Firstly, to effectively reduce the false alarms of quick motion, the lower threshold is self-adaptive to motion feature. Secondly, an FSA (finite state automata) model is adopted to replace the twin-comparison strategy. This framework makes good use of various features and successfully integrates all the modules together. Finally, the system is evaluated on the TRECVID benchmarking platform and the experimental results reveal the effectiveness of our system

Differential expression of α6 and β1 integrins reveals epidermal heterogeneity at single-cell resolution

Skin epidermis is a constantly renewing epithelium that is composed of various cell types and provides an ideal model system for tissue regeneration and heterogeneity studies. Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate cell adhesion in the epidermis, and integrin expression spatially reflects epidermal heterogeneity. It remains unclear whether differential expression of integrins can characterize cell types in skin epidermis. This study applied a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) strategy based on differential expression of α6 and β1 integrins, and used transcriptome analysis to explore epidermal heterogeneity. First, epidermal cells were acquired from C57BL/6 mice back skin. Nine bulk-cell populations were sorted with differential expressions of α6 and β1 integrins, and were successfully characterized as the main cell types in the epidermis through RNA-seq and transcriptome analysis. Then, tetOKrt14-H2BGFP mice were used to trace the cell proliferation rate during wound healing with GFP intensity. Epidermal cells were acquired from the re-epithelialized back skin wounds, and a total of 576 single cells were sorted, combining integrin expression and GFP tracing. FACS single-cell RNA-seq enabled high resolution in the classification of subtypes in both interfollicular epidermis and hair follicle, and both quiescent and intermediate cell states of the basal and infundibulum stem cell populations were distinguished. This study proposed a presorted method to investigate the relationship between integrin expression and epidermal heterogeneity. Multiple epidermal cell types and their expression profiles were identified, which provides data resources for dermatology research

The Multi-Objective Optimization of Low-Impact Development Facilities in Shallow Mountainous Areas Using Genetic Algorithms

From the perspective of whole-area sponge city construction, it is important to scientifically determine the layout plan of LID facilities for controlling urban rainfall and flooding problems, given the topographical features and rainfall runoff characteristics of shallow urban mountainous areas. Current research on the optimization of low-impact development facilities is limited to the central urban area level, with insufficient research on shallow urban mountainous areas, and there is great uncertainty in the layout of LID facilities when multiple objectives are considered. Therefore, this paper applied a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to optimize the layout scheme of LID facilities. Multiple objectives of the peak runoff abatement rate, cost, and land area were selected as the optimization objectives, and the optimized results were ranked using the EWM-TOPSIS and VCWM-TOPSIS methods. The 2nd Hebei Provincial Garden Flower Expo (Qinhuangdao) Park was used as the research object for the optimization design. The results showed that, under the premise of water safety, the lowest cost priority was given to the LID facility with a 15.49% share, 99.43% peak runoff reduction rate, and a cost of CNY 1.215 × 107; the lowest area priority was given to the LID facility with a 15.25% share, 99.42% peak runoff reduction rate, and a cost of CNY 1.267 × 107. The EWM-TOPSIS method was also used to obtain the best optimized solution with 16.18% LID facilities, 99.64% peak runoff abatement rate, and a cost of CNY 1.26 × 107, and the worst optimized solution with 12.55% LID facilities, 97.91% peak runoff abatement rate, and a cost of CNY 1.061 × 107. The decision results under different decision-maker preferences were obtained by the VCWM-TOPSIS method. This study showed that the combination of a genetic algorithm and TOPSIS can optimize the layout of LID facilities in shallow mountainous areas more scientifically and efficiently compared to the actual construction plan for building a sponge city

The Multi-Objective Optimization of Low-Impact Development Facilities in Shallow Mountainous Areas Using Genetic Algorithms

From the perspective of whole-area sponge city construction, it is important to scientifically determine the layout plan of LID facilities for controlling urban rainfall and flooding problems, given the topographical features and rainfall runoff characteristics of shallow urban mountainous areas. Current research on the optimization of low-impact development facilities is limited to the central urban area level, with insufficient research on shallow urban mountainous areas, and there is great uncertainty in the layout of LID facilities when multiple objectives are considered. Therefore, this paper applied a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to optimize the layout scheme of LID facilities. Multiple objectives of the peak runoff abatement rate, cost, and land area were selected as the optimization objectives, and the optimized results were ranked using the EWM-TOPSIS and VCWM-TOPSIS methods. The 2nd Hebei Provincial Garden Flower Expo (Qinhuangdao) Park was used as the research object for the optimization design. The results showed that, under the premise of water safety, the lowest cost priority was given to the LID facility with a 15.49% share, 99.43% peak runoff reduction rate, and a cost of CNY 1.215 × 107; the lowest area priority was given to the LID facility with a 15.25% share, 99.42% peak runoff reduction rate, and a cost of CNY 1.267 × 107. The EWM-TOPSIS method was also used to obtain the best optimized solution with 16.18% LID facilities, 99.64% peak runoff abatement rate, and a cost of CNY 1.26 × 107, and the worst optimized solution with 12.55% LID facilities, 97.91% peak runoff abatement rate, and a cost of CNY 1.061 × 107. The decision results under different decision-maker preferences were obtained by the VCWM-TOPSIS method. This study showed that the combination of a genetic algorithm and TOPSIS can optimize the layout of LID facilities in shallow mountainous areas more scientifically and efficiently compared to the actual construction plan for building a sponge city

Tide-Induced Variability and Mechanisms of Surface Suspended Sediment in the Zhoushan Archipelago along the Southeastern Coast of China Based on GOCI Data

The variations and dynamics of suspended sediment in the coastal waters around the Zhoushan Archipelago are complex due to strong tidal dynamics. This study aims to delineate the tide-induced variability of surface suspended sediment and reveal its mechanisms in the Zhoushan Archipelago based on Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) estimations through the ultraviolet wavelength atmospheric correction (UV-AC) algorithm and a tuned empirical inversion algorithm using extensive in situ measurements are presented. GOCI-processed remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) is validated using field data and is cross-validated with Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (L8/OLI) measurements, respectively. The estimated SSC is validated with independent datasets. The validations reveal that GOCI-processed Rrs is reasonable and that the GOCI-retrieved SSC is accurate and can be used to quantify SSC distributions and variations in the Zhoushan Archipelago. The variations of the SSC in the study area are closely related to the temporal variations of the tidal level. High SSCs often occur in the middle of ebb or flood tides due to large tidal discharge and high tidal velocity. Significant hourly variations of the SSC are mainly controlled by tidal forces. Dynamic mechanism analysis indicates that during neap and middle tides, the local high SSC is mainly attributed to the sediment resuspension process driven by tidal currents; in addition, during the spring tide, the variations of the SSC are simultaneously modulated by sediment resuspension and horizontal advection processes