Comparative compositions of grain of tritordeum, durum wheat and bread wheat grown in multi-environment trials

Three genotypes each of bread wheat, durum wheat and tritordeum were grown in randomized replicated field trials in Andalusia (Spain) for two years and wholemeal flours analysed for a range of components to identify differences in composition. The contents of all components that were determined varied widely between grain samples of the individual species and in most cases also overlapped between the three species. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences between the compositions of the three species were observed. Notably, tritordeum had significantly higher contents of protein, some minerals (magnesium and iron), total phenolics and methyl donors. Tritordeum also had higher levels of total amino acids (but not asparagine) and total sugars, including raffinose. By contrast, bread wheat and tritordeum had similar contents of the two major dietary fibre components in white flour, arabinoxylan and β-glucan, with significantly lower contents in durum wheat

Comparative Compositions of Grain of Bread Wheat, Emmer and Spelt Grown with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilisation

Five cultivars of bread wheat and spelt and three of emmer were grown in replicate randomised field trials on two sites for two years with 100 and 200 kg nitrogen fertiliser per hectare, reflecting low input and intensive farming systems. Wholemeal flours were analysed for components that are suggested to contribute to a healthy diet. The ranges of all components overlapped between the three cereal types, reflecting the effects of both genotype and environment. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences in the contents of some components were observed. Notably, emmer and spelt had higher contents of protein, iron, zinc, magnesium, choline and glycine betaine, but also of asparagine (the precursor of acrylamide) and raffinose. By contrast, bread wheat had higher contents of the two major types of fibre, arabinoxylan (AX) and _-glucan, than emmer and a higher AX content than spelt. Although such differences in composition may be suggested to result in effects on metabolic parameters and health when studied in isolation, the final effects will depend on the quantity consumed and the composition of the overall diet

IDLaS-NL – A platform for running customized studies on individual differences in Dutch language skills via the internet

We introduce the Individual Differences in Language Skills (IDLaS-NL) web platform, which enables users to run studies on individual differences in Dutch language skills via the internet. IDLaS-NL consists of 35 behavioral tests, previously validated in participants aged between 18 and 30 years. The platform provides an intuitive graphical interface for users to select the tests they wish to include in their research, to divide these tests into different sessions and to determine their order. Moreover, for standardized administration the platform provides an application (an emulated browser) wherein the tests are run. Results can be retrieved by mouse click in the graphical interface and are provided as CSV-file output via email. Similarly, the graphical interface enables researchers to modify and delete their study configurations. IDLaS-NL is intended for researchers, clinicians, educators and in general anyone conducting fundamental research into language and general cognitive skills; it is not intended for diagnostic purposes. All platform services are free of charge. Here, we provide a description of its workings as well as instructions for using the platform. The IDLaS-NL platform can be accessed at www.mpi.nl/idlas-nl

Theorising age and generation in development: A relational approach

This introduction outlines the analytical approach informing the articles presented in this special issue. The project of ‘generationing’ development involves re-thinking development as distinctly generational in its dynamics. For this, we adopt a relational approach to the study of young people in development, which overcomes the limitations inherent to common categorising approaches. Concepts of age and generation are employed to conceptualise young people as social actors and life phases such as childhood and youth in relational terms. Acknowledging the centrality of young people in social reproduction puts them at the heart of development studies and leads the articles comprising this special issue to explore how young people’s agency shapes and is shaped by the changing terms of social reproduction brought about by development

PAS Aanvullende reservemaatregelen Landbouw: uitwerking van een quick scan

In many Natura 2000 area’s, the nitrogen deposition is higher than wished for. This led to a deadlock in economic development of, among others, livestock husbandry. The interdepartmental program ‘Programma Aanpak Stikstof’ (PAS), is meant to overcome the standstill of grants of permits to produce, while in term preservation goals of nature area’s can be achieved. For the three sector groups Traffic and Transportation, Industry and Energy, and Agriculture source measures are inventoried to deal with the bottlenecks. By order of the Ministry of Economic Affairs this report presents the inventory of measures for agriculture