Details of characteristics of the 29 virtual species

* Method to generate the virtual species - A virtual species is a group of occurrences, which are selected by an ellipsoid in a 3D environmental space. In this case, we did a principal component analysis (PCA) on the 19 bioclimatic variables, and used the first 3 principal components to create a 3D environmental space. The x, y, z axes are the first three principal components. All of these processes were implemented via Niche Analyst (http://biodiversity-informatics-training.org/software-data-sources/nichea/). Using Niche Analyst, we created two groups of virtual species with different volumes. The volume of ‘big’ group was 143.69, and the ‘small’ one was 2.14. Each group had 7 virtual species with the same centroid and same directions of semi-axes. * The distribution maps of virtual species - Once niches were created, we explored their projections into geographic space, and created different scenarios of abiotic factors in relation to dispersal. Specifically, we created a scenario in which all suitable conditions were accessible (“Hutchinson’s Dream,” or HD), one in which distributional limitation was driven by dispersal/access exclusively and not by abiotic conditions (“Wallace’s Dream,” or WD), and one in which both abiotic and dispersal considerations act to limit distributions in different areas (“Classic BAM,” or CB)

Additional file 4: of Forecasting Chikungunya spread in the Americas via data-driven empirical approaches

Air traffic data used to estimate passenger flow among countries in the Americas. The table includes direct flights between countries with no stops, flights with one or two stops for flight connections, and a summary of total estimated number of passengers between countries in the Americas. (CSV 108 kb

Additional file 3: of Forecasting Chikungunya spread in the Americas via data-driven empirical approaches

Countries in surveillance ‘fatigue’ stage. (DOCX 175 kb

The User Center.

<p>The User Center includes the following functions: (1) Uploading and managing user data sets, environmental layers, and mask layers; (2) The entrance for generating a private task with the uploaded data sets and layers; (3) The private tasks filter; and (4) Login/out switch.</p

The steps to calculate the AUC value and show the ROC of task(s).

<p>1) Select calculated results, 2) choose AUC method from menu, 3) select parameters, 4) calculate, and 5) show ROC.</p

The Result of case study–Predicting the potential distribution of Reeves’ pheasant.

<p>The red dots represent the actual recorded Reeves’ pheasant distribution. The area in red represents the result of GARP in mMWeb. The habitat suitability increases as the red color changes from light red to red.</p

ENM platforms and associated algorithms available in mMWeb.

<p>ENM platforms and associated algorithms available in mMWeb.</p

The steps to create and submit a task.

<p>1) Choose model, 2) select model parameters, 3) choose environmental layers and a mask layer, 4) upload the occurrence data, 5) provide a contact email address and submit job.</p

The flowchart of mMWeb.

<p>mMWeb consists of four independent modules: User interface, Task-scheduling component, Reminder service, and Geospatial data service.</p

Silver(I)-Catalyzed C4–H Amination of 1‑Naphthylamine Derivatives with Azodicarboxylates

A simple and efficient protocol for silver­(I)-catalyzed picolinamide directed C4–H amination of 1-naphthylamine derivatives with readily available azodicarboxylates has been developed, demonstrating a new approach to 1,4-naphthalenediamine derivatives in high yields. Note that this reaction system could proceed under external-oxidant- and additive-free conditions (only requires 5 mol % of AgOAc as the catalyst in acetone)