Color assay of the DNPH reaction with AD of different concentrations.

<p>(a) Color assay comparison. The AD concentration from left to right is 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 g l^-1. (b) Gray value of the color assay results. Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 3).</p

Various high-throughput screening methods.

<p>(a) Plate screening method where 1 and 2 indicate the control medium and bacteria growing on medium with 0.5 g/L of AD, respectively. (b) Color assay with DCPIP where 1 and 2 indicate the colonies growing on the gridded sterile membrane filters and colonies incubated with AD, respectively. (c) Color assay with DNPH where 1, 2, and 3 denote the AD standard as well as the product obtained during the process and at the end of the substrate transformation, respectively.</p

Effects of the amount of sulfuric acid and ethanol solution on the color assay.

<p>(a) Altered sulfuric acid percentage. (b) Altered ethanol solution percentage. Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 3).</p

Ratio of AD to DNPH solution on the color assay effect.

<p>Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 3).</p

Evaporation rate of the liquid and the strain’s growth in the medium of different volumes in 24-deep-well plates.

<p>Evaporation rate of the liquid and the strain’s growth in the medium of different <a href="http://www.baidu.com/link?url=uFnop5bAfCOEk9j_FyZK3Xmt7PkXxLt38MfY1YhMpWAyWestdxPVseLV__kVsF8Ck5T_oNfoBqXs0BSBkG9nl0YneXPSMkETzXw_zyyEF2tRJDK_68XzPnbSJdhVfmwp" target="_blank">volume</a>s in 24-deep-well plates.</p

Various high-throughput screening methods.

<p>(a) Plate screening method where 1 and 2 indicate the control medium and bacteria growing on medium with 0.5 g/L of AD, respectively. (b) Color assay with DCPIP where 1 and 2 indicate the colonies growing on the gridded sterile membrane filters and colonies incubated with AD, respectively. (c) Color assay with DNPH where 1, 2, and 3 denote the AD standard as well as the product obtained during the process and at the end of the substrate transformation, respectively.</p

Transformation by shake flask and analysis of the largest 9α-OH-AD accumulation.

<p>The experiments were performed in triplicate. The standard deviations from three repeated experiments are shown. <i>t</i> test results are shown: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.</p

Amorphous TiO₂ Nanotube Anode for Rechargeable Sodium Ion Batteries

Sodium ion batteries are an attractive alternative to lithium ion batteries that alleviate problems with lithium availability and cost. Despite several studies of cathode materials for sodium ion batteries involving layered oxide materials, there are few low-voltage metal oxide anodes capable of operating sodium ion reversibly at room temperature. We have synthesized amorphous titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO₂NT) electrodes directly grown on current collectors without binders and additives to use as an anode for sodium ion batteries. We find that only amorphous large diameter nanotubes (>80 nm I.D.) can support electrochemical cycling with sodium ions. These electrodes maximize their capacity in operando and reach reversible capacity of 150 mAh/g in 15 cycles. We also demonstrate for the first time a full cell all-oxide Na ion battery using TiO₂NT anode coupled to a Na_1.0Li_0.2Ni_0.25Mn_0.75O_δ cathode at room temperature exhibiting good rate capability

Lewis-Acid-Promoted Stoichiometric and Catalytic Oxidations by Manganese Complexes Having Cross-Bridged Cyclam Ligand: A Comprehensive Study

Redox-inactive metal ions have been recognized to be able to participate in redox metal-ion-mediated biological and chemical oxidative events; however, their roles are still elusive. This work presents how the redox-inactive metal ions affect the oxidative reactivity of a well-investigated manganese­(II) with its corresponding manganese­(IV) complexes having cross-bridged cyclam ligand. In dry acetone, the presence of these metal ions can greatly accelerate stoichiometric oxidations of triphenylphosphine and sulfides by the manganese­(IV) complexes through electron transfer or catalytic sulfoxidations by the corresponding manganese­(II) complexes with PhIO. Significantly, the rate enhancements are highly Lewis-acid strength dependent on added metal ions. These metal ions like Al³⁺ can also promote the thermodynamic driving force of the Mn^IV–OH moiety to facilitate its hydrogen abstraction from ethylbenzene having a BDE_CH value of 85 kcal/mol, while it is experimentally limited to 80 kcal/mol for Mn^IV–OH alone. Adding Al³⁺ may also improve the manganese­(II)-catalyzed olefin epoxidation with PhIO. However, compared with those in electron transfer, improvements in hydrogen abstraction and electron transfer are minor. The existence of the interaction between Lewis acid and the manganese­(IV) species was evidenced by the blue shift of the characteristic absorbance of the manganese­(IV) species from 554 to 537 nm and by converting its EPR signal at <i>g</i> = 2.01 into a hyperfine 6-line signal upon adding Al³⁺ (<i>I</i> = 5/2). Cyclic voltammograms of the manganese­(IV) complexes reveal that adding Lewis acid would substantially shift its potential to the positive direction, thus enhancing its oxidizing capability

Electropherograms showing mutations in the <i>ALDH7A1</i> gene in 3 patients.

<p>A: c.410G>A (p.G137E), IVS11+1G>A (inverting sequencing) in case 1; B: heterozygous c.952 G>C (p.A318P), heterozygous c.965 C>T (p.A322V) in case 2; C: heterozygous c.902A>T (p.N301I), IVS11+1G>A (inverting sequencing) in case 3.</p