4,380 research outputs found
Control of Formation-Flying Multi-Element Space Interferometers with Direct Interferometer-Output Feedback
The long-baseline space interferometer concept involving formation flying of multiple spacecrafts holds great promise as future space missions for high-resolution imagery. A major challenge of obtaining high-quality interferometric synthesized images from long-baseline space interferometers is to accurately control these spacecraft and their optics payloads in the specified configuration. Our research focuses on the determination of the optical errors to achieve fine control of long-baseline space interferometers without resorting to additional sensing equipment. We present a suite of estimation tools that can effectively extract from the raw interferometric image relative x/y, piston translational and tip/tilt deviations at the exit pupil aperture. The use of these error estimates in achieving control of the interferometer elements is demonstrated using simulated as well as laboratory-collected interferometric stellar images
Control of Formation-Flying Multi-Element Space Interferometers with Direct Interferometer-Output Feedback
The long-baseline space interferometer concept involving formation flying of multiple spacecraft holds great promise as future space missions for high-resolution imagery. A major challenge of obtaining high-quality interferometric synthesized images from long-baseline space interferometers is to accurately control these spacecraft and their optics payloads in the specified configuration. Our research focuses on the determination of the optical errors to achieve fine control of long-baseline space interferometers without resorting to additional sensing equipment. We present a suite of estimation tools that can effectively extract from the raw interferometric image relative x/y, piston translational and tip/tilt deviations at the exit pupil aperture. The use of these error estimates in achieving control of the interferometer elements is demonstrated using simulated as well as laboratory-collected interferometric stellar images
Ideal Desalination through Graphyne-4 Membrane: Nanopores for Quantized Water Transport
Graphyne-4 sheet exhibits promising potential for nanoscale desalination to
achieve both high water permeability and salt rejection rate. Extensive
molecular dynamics simulations on pore-size effects suggest that graphyne-4,
with 4 acetylene bonds between two adjacent phenyl rings, has the best
performance with 100% salt rejection and an unprecedented water permeability,
to our knowledge, of ~13L/cm2/day/MPa, about 10 times higher than the
state-of-the-art nanoporous graphene reported previously (Nano Lett.s 2012, 12,
3602-3608). In addition, the membrane entails very low energy consumption for
producing 1m3 of fresh water, i.e., 3.6e-3 kWh/m3, three orders of magnitude
less than the prevailing commercial membranes based on reverse osmosis. Water
flow rate across the graphyne-4 sheet exhibits intriguing nonlinear dependence
on the pore size owing to the quantized nature of water flow at the nanoscale.
Such novel transport behavior has important implications to the design of
highly effective and efficient desalination membranes
Coexistence of multi-photon processes and longitudinal couplings in superconducting flux qubits
In contrast to natural atoms, the potential energies for superconducting flux
qubit (SFQ) circuits can be artificially controlled. When the inversion
symmetry of the potential energy is broken, we find that the multi-photon
processes can coexist in the multi-level SFQ circuits. Moreover, there are not
only transverse but also longitudinal couplings between the external magnetic
fields and the SFQs when the inversion symmetry of potential energy is broken.
The longitudinal coupling would induce some new phenomena in the SFQs. Here we
will show how the longitudinal coupling can result in the coexistence of
multi-photon processes in a two-level system formed by a SFQ circuit. We also
show that the SFQs can become transparent to the transverse coupling fields
when the longitudinal coupling fields satisfy the certain conditions. We
further show that the quantum Zeno effect can also be induced by the
longitudinal coupling in the SFQs. Finally we clarify why the longitudinal
coupling can induce coexistence and disappearance of single- and two-photon
processes for a driven SFQ, which is coupled to a single-mode quantized field.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Spectrum of Relativistic and Subrelativistic Cosmic Rays in the 100 pc Central Region
From the rate of hydrogen ionization and the gamma ray flux, we derived the
spectrum of relativistic and subrelativistic cosmic rays (CRs) nearby and
inside the molecular cloud Sgr B2 near the Galactic Center (GC). We studied two
cases of CR propagation in molecular clouds: free propagation and scattering of
particles by magnetic fluctuations excited by the neutral gas turbulence. We
showed that in the latter case CR propagation inside the cloud can be described
as diffusion with the coefficient cm s. For
the case of hydrogen ionization by subrelativistic protons, we showed that
their spectrum outside the cloud is quite hard with the spectral index
. The energy density of subrelativistic protons ( eV cm)
is one order of magnitude higher than that of relativistic CRs. These protons
generate the 6.4 keV emission from Sgr B2, which was about 30\% of the flux
observed by Suzaku in 2013. Future observations for the period after 2013 may
discover the background flux generated by subrelativistic CRs in Sgr B2.
Alternatively hydrogen ionization of the molecular gas in Sgr B2 may be caused
by high energy electrons. We showed that the spectrum of electron
bremsstrahlung is harder than the observed continuum from Sgr B2, and in
principle this X-ray component provided by electrons could be seen from the
INTEGRAL data as a stationary high energy excess above the observed spectrum
.Comment: 42 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Ap
Abnormal magnetoresistance behavior in Nb thin film with rectangular antidot lattice
Abnormal magnetoresistance behavior is found in superconducting Nb films
perforated with rectangular arrays of antidots (holes). Generally
magnetoresistance were always found to increase with increasing magnetic field.
Here we observed a reversal of this behavior for particular in low temperature
or current density. This phenomenon is due to a strong 'caging effect' which
interstitial vortices are strongly trapped among pinned multivortices.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Topographical control of cell-cell interaction in C6 glioma by nanodot arrays
Nanotopography modulates the physiological behavior of cells and cell-cell interactions, but the manner of communication remains unclear. Cell networking (syncytium) of astroglia provides the optimal microenvironment for communication of the nervous system. C6 glioma cells were seeded on nanodot arrays with dot diameters ranging from 10 to 200Â nm. Cell viability, morphology, cytoskeleton, and adhesion showed optimal cell growth on 50-nm nanodots if sufficient incubation was allowed. In particular, the astrocytic syncytium level maximized at 50Â nm. The gap junction protein Cx43 showed size-dependent and time-dependent transport from the nucleus to the cell membrane. The transport efficiency was greatly enhanced by incubation on 50-nm nanodots. In summary, nanotopography is capable of modulating cell behavior and influencing the cell-cell interactions of astrocytes. By fine-tuning the nanoenvironment, it may be possible to regulate cell-cell communications and optimize the biocompatibility of neural implants
Multi-wavelength emissions from the millisecond pulsar binary PSR J1023+0038 during an accretion active state
Recent observations strongly suggest that the millisecond pulsar binary PSR
J1023+0038 has developed an accretion disk since 2013 June. We present a
multi-wavelength analysis of PSR J1023+0038, which reveals that 1) its
gamma-rays suddenly brightened within a few days in June/July 2013 and has
remained at a high gamma-ray state for several months; 2) both UV and X-ray
fluxes have increased by roughly an order of magnitude, and 3) the spectral
energy distribution has changed significantly after the gamma-ray sudden flux
change. Time variabilities associated with UV and X-rays are on the order of
100-500 seconds and 50-100 seconds, respectively. Our model suggests that a
newly formed accretion disk due to the sudden increase of the stellar wind
could explain the changes of all these observed features. The increase of UV is
emitted from the disk, and a new component in gamma-rays is produced by inverse
Compton scattering between the new UV component and pulsar wind. The increase
of X-rays results from the enhancement of injection pulsar wind energy into the
intra-binary shock due to the increase of the stellar wind. We also predict
that the radio pulses may be blocked by the evaporated winds from the disk and
the pulsar is still powered by rotation.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in Ap
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