A Context-Aware and Preference-Driven Vacation Planner for Tourism Regions

Taking a Preference SQL approach, a context-aware vacation planner for on-site activities is proposed to automatically generate vacation plans based on user preferences and situational aspects. Using different levels of abstraction, the result of the corresponding preference queries is always optimal and the result size is minimal. It consists of stereotype-specific and contextaware activities which are combined to create daily or even multi-day plans of activities. The correctness, completeness and optimality are assured by a preference calculus of strict partial orders. User preferences are initially collected and defined by a feedback questionnaire. The application is modelled by adequate preference compositions and the Preference SQL runtime system efficiently evaluates the resulting preference queries. The prototype proves that soft runtime requirements are met. Initial tests with real data from the industry-leading outdooractive platform indicate that the database-driven preference technology can successfully be employed to provide added value for vacation planning

Spectrum of Infection and Risk Factors for Human Monkeypox, United States, 2003

Infection is associated with proximity to virus-infected animals and their excretions and secretions

Effect of remote ischemic conditioning on atrial fibrillation and outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting (RICO-trial)

Background: Pre- and postconditioning describe mechanisms whereby short ischemic periods protect an organ against a longer period of ischemia. Interestingly, short ischemic periods of a limb, in itself harmless, may increase the ischemia tolerance of remote organs, e.g. the heart (remote conditioning, RC). Although several studies have shown reduced biomarker release by RC, a reduction of complications and improvement of patient outcome still has to be demonstrated. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common complications after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), affecting 27-46% of patients. It is associated with increased mortality, adverse cardiovascular events, and prolonged in-hospital stay. We hypothesize that remote ischemic pre- and/or post-conditioning reduce the incidence of AF following CABG, and improve patient outcome.Methods/design: This study is a randomized, controlled, patient and investigator blinded multicenter trial. Elective CABG patients are randomized to one of the following four groups: 1) control, 2) remote ischemic preconditioning, 3) remote ischemic postconditioning, or 4) remote ischemic pre- and postconditioning. Remote conditio

Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2

Abstract: Although two-dose mRNA vaccination provides excellent protection against SARS-CoV-2, there is little information about vaccine efficacy against variants of concern (VOC) in individuals above eighty years of age1. Here we analysed immune responses following vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine2 in elderly participants and younger healthcare workers. Serum neutralization and levels of binding IgG or IgA after the first vaccine dose were lower in older individuals, with a marked drop in participants over eighty years old. Sera from participants above eighty showed lower neutralization potency against the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and P.1. (Gamma) VOC than against the wild-type virus and were more likely to lack any neutralization against VOC following the first dose. However, following the second dose, neutralization against VOC was detectable regardless of age. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific memory B cells was higher in elderly responders (whose serum showed neutralization activity) than in non-responders after the first dose. Elderly participants showed a clear reduction in somatic hypermutation of class-switched cells. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 by SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells was lower in older participants, and both cytokines were secreted primarily by CD4 T cells. We conclude that the elderly are a high-risk population and that specific measures to boost vaccine responses in this population are warranted, particularly where variants of concern are circulating

Complement lectin pathway activation is associated with COVID-19 disease severity, independent of MBL2 genotype subgroups

IntroductionWhile complement is a contributor to disease severity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, all three complement pathways might be activated by the virus. Lectin pathway activation occurs through different pattern recognition molecules, including mannan binding lectin (MBL), a protein shown to interact with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. However, the exact role of lectin pathway activation and its key pattern recognition molecule MBL in COVID-19 is still not fully understood.MethodsWe therefore investigated activation of the lectin pathway in two independent cohorts of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, while also analysing MBL protein levels and potential effects of the six major single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the MBL2 gene on COVID-19 severity and outcome.ResultsWe show that the lectin pathway is activated in acute COVID-19, indicated by the correlation between complement activation product levels of the MASP-1/C1-INH complex (p=0.0011) and C4d (p<0.0001) and COVID-19 severity. Despite this, genetic variations in MBL2 are not associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or disease outcomes such as mortality and the development of Long COVID.ConclusionIn conclusion, activation of the MBL-LP only plays a minor role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, since no clinically meaningful, consistent associations with disease outcomes were noted

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Abstract: The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era

Transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors of charged particles at sNN=\sqrt{{s}_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV measured by ALICE at the LHC

The ALICE experiment at the LHC is designed to study the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) based on high energy pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions. Certain properties of these collisions can be studied by measuring the production of charged particles. A suppression of the yield of charged particles was observed at high pT by comparing central Pb-Pb events scaled by the number of binary collisions to pp collisions, in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAA. This suppression can be an effect of the energy loss of partons as they propagate in a hot and dense QCD medium (QGP). In the end of 2015, pp and Pb-Pb collisions at √s(NN) = 5.02 TeV were measured by ALICE. Here, transverse momentum distributions of inclusive charged particles in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at √s(NN) = 5.02 TeV as well as the nuclear modification factor in six centrality classes are presented and compared with model predictions

Effects of Carbohydrate and Protein Administration by Food Items on Strength Response after Training in Stable COPD

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the world’s most common diseases and reasons for death. Systemic consequences, especially reduced muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function, are common and contribute to worsening prognosis and increasing morbidity and mortality. There is strong evidence that physical activity and strength training are effective in prolonging life and lead to better quality of life. Numerous studies have shown that ingestion of protein and carbohydrates after strength training can increase regeneration of strength in young athletes. Recently, we demonstrated that the same effect can be achieved with these macronutrients administered in a meal. Until now, it is not clear if patients with COPD, integrated in regular physical training, respond similarly. Methods: Prescribed strength training, consisting of two sets circular training with machines for big muscle groups was supplemented with a meal rich in protein and carbohydrates. Changes in maximum strength after 24 h were investigated to find out about the impact of this meal on physical capacity. A pilot study was conducted with pragmatic cross-over design. Results: With nutritive intervention, strength in both knee extensor and chest press were significantly higher than in control training. Conclusion: The study showed beneficial effects for the intake of protein and carbohydrates in changes in maximum strength. For now, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Clinical relevance needs further research. The study design and study protocol can be used for further studies with only small adaptions

A Context-Aware and Preference-Driven Vacation Planner for Tourism Regions

Taking a Preference SQL approach, a context-aware vacation planner for on-site activities is proposed to automatically generate vacation plans based on user preferences and situational aspects. Using different levels of abstraction, the result of the corresponding preference queries is always optimal and the result size is minimal. It consists of stereotype-specific and contextaware activities which are combined to create daily or even multi-day plans of activities. The correctness, completeness and optimality are assured by a preference calculus of strict partial orders. User preferences are initially collected and defined by a feedback questionnaire. The application is modelled by adequate preference compositions and the Preference SQL runtime system efficiently evaluates the resulting preference queries. The prototype proves that soft runtime requirements are met. Initial tests with real data from the industry-leading outdooractive platform indicate that the database-driven preference technology can successfully be employed to provide added value for vacation planning

A Context-Aware and Preference-Driven Vacation Planner for Tourism Regions

Taking a Preference SQL approach, a context-aware vacation planner for on-site activities is proposed to automatically generate vacation plans based on user preferences and situational aspects. Using different levels of abstraction, the result of the corresponding preference queries is always optimal and the result size is minimal. It consists of stereotype-specific and contextaware activities which are combined to create daily or even multi-day plans of activities. The correctness, completeness and optimality are assured by a preference calculus of strict partial orders. User preferences are initially collected and defined by a feedback questionnaire. The application is modelled by adequate preference compositions and the Preference SQL runtime system efficiently evaluates the resulting preference queries. The prototype proves that soft runtime requirements are met. Initial tests with real data from the industry-leading outdooractive platform indicate that the database-driven preference technology can successfully be employed to provide added value for vacation planning