Baroreflex sensitivity differs among same strain Wistar rats from the same laboratory

Previous studies showed that a proportion of normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats spontaneously exhibit lower baroreflex sensitivity. However, investigations have not yet been carried out on Wistar rats. We aimed to compare baroreflex sensitivity among rats from the same strain and the same laboratory. Male Wistar normotensive rats (300–400g) were studied. Cannulas were inserted into the abdominal aortic artery through the right femoral artery to measure mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Baroreflex was calculated as the derivative of the variation of heart rate in function of the mean arterial pressure variation (ΔHR/ΔMAP) tested with a depressor dose of sodium nitroprusside (50 µg/kg) and with a pressor dose of phenylephrine (8µg/kg) in the right femoral venous approach through an inserted cannula. We divided the rats into four groups: i) high bradycardic baroreflex, baroreflex gain less than −2 tested with phenylephrine; ii) low bradycardic baroreflex, baroreflex gain between −1 and −2 tested with phenylephrine; iii) high tachycardic baroreflex, baroreflex gain less than −3 tested with sodium nitroprusside; and iv) low tachycardic baroreflex, baroreflex gain between −1 and −3 tested with sodium nitroprusside. Approximately 71% of the rats presented a decrease in bradycardic reflex while around half showed an increase in tachycardic reflex. No significant changes in basal mean arterial pressure and heart rate, tachycardic and bradycardic peak and heart rate range were observed. There was a significant change in baroreflex sensitivity among rats from the same strain and the same laboratory

The Robinson-Trautman Type III Prolongation Structure Contains K2_2

The minimal prolongation structure for the Robinson-Trautman equations of Petrov type III is shown to always include the infinite-dimensional, contragredient algebra, K$_2$, which is of infinite growth. Knowledge of faithful representations of this algebra would allow the determination of B\"acklund transformations to evolve new solutions.Comment: 20 pages, plain TeX, no figures, submitted to Commun. Math. Phy

Effect of Panax ginseng on cytokine expression in bovine mammary glands at drying off

Biological response modifiers (BRM) are agents that modify the host's response to pathogens with resultant beneficial prophylactic or therapeutic effects. The objectives of this study were to describe the immunomodulatory effects of Panax ginseng (GS) on bovine mammary glands at the end of lactation. Eight mammary quarters from six nonpregnant cows in late lactation were infused with 10 mL of BRM (3 mg/mL), six quarters were treated with placebo (vehicle alone) and six quarters were maintained as uninoculated controls. Milk samples were collected at different time points for detection of specific cytokines mRNA by RT-PCR and Western blotting assay. A significant increase of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression was observed in BRM-treated compared with placebo-treated quarters at 48 h post-treatment (pt) (P<0.05). A 17 kDa TNF-α band expressed a sharp elevation at 24 h and reduction in its level at 48 h pt in BRM-treated quarters. Differences in this cytokine level between 24 and 48 h pt times were significant (P<0.05). GS extract inoculation at drying off was associated with somatic cell counts increase, cytokines mRNA transcription and the presence of TNF-α in milk and can therefore exert immunomodulating effects in bovine mammary gland at drying off.Fil: Baravalle, Celina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Dallard, Bibiana Elisabet. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Hugo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Neder, V.E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Canavesio, V.R.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Calvinho, Luis Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentin

Effect of a biological response modifier on expression of CD14 receptor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Staphylococcus aureus-infected mammary glands at drying off

Agents that increase natural protective mechanisms have been proposed for prevention and treatment of intramammary infections. The objectives of this study were to get an insight of innate immune mechanisms that occur during bovine mammary involution in both uninfected and chronically Staphylococcus aureus-infected glands and to describe the effects on those mechanisms of a single intramammary infusion of a LPS-based biological response modifier (BRM) at the end of lactation. Three groups of 12 cows, each one including 6 S. aureus-infected and 6 uninfected, were infused in two mammary quarters with BRM or placebo and sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 d of involution. In uninfected and S. aureus-infected quarters treated with a BRM, the number of monocytes/macrophages detected with CD14 antibody was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in placebo-treated quarters at every sampling evaluation period. In uninfected quarters, the TNF-α staining area was not affected by BRM treatment. However, in infected quarters, the immunostained area for TNF-α was significantly higher than in uninfected quarters and BRM treatment was associated with increased staining at 21 d of involution.Fil: Dallard, Bibiana Elisabet. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Baravalle, Celina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Hugo Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Tumini, M.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Canavesio, V.R.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Neder, V.E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Calvinho, Luis Fernando. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; Argentin

Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015–2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios