A meridional 14C and 39Ar section in northeast Atlantic deep water

14C, 39Ar, and complementary hydrographic and nutrient data are presented for deep water below 2500 m depth, from stations along a meridional section (8°S to 45°N) through the Romanche Trench and along the deep northeast Atlantic basins (F/S Meteor, cruise 56, leg 5). The large-scale 14C distribution along the section is resolved at the 14C data precision of ±2‰. Bottom water Δ14C decreases by 6‰ from the equator to 45°N, and farther up there is a weak Δ14C minimum (−123‰) over much of the section. The 14C data are interpreted as giving a turnover time of about 30 years for the waters below the depth of the 14C minimum (∼4250 m). It is found that water of 1.50±0.05°C potential temperature enters the East Atlantic from the west through the Romanche Trench (sill depth about 4000 m), and a preliminary value for the inflow rate of 3.6×106 m3/s is deduced. This rate greatly exceeds estimated deep inflow rates through the Vema fracture zone or across the northern boundary of the East Atlantic. 39Ar data that cover an entire deep-ocean circulation system are presented for the first time. The observed 14C and 39Ar distributions are mutually consistent. Transit times from the source regions to the equator for water from northern and southern deepwater sources are estimated to be about 170 and 105 years, respectively, and the 39Ar concentration of young Antarctic Bottom Water is deduced as 60±7% modern. The 39Ar-14C correlation in the ocean appears to be affected by mixing of waters of different age and by more efficient raising of 39Ar in the deepwater formation processes

Structural, conformational and vibrational properties of 1,1,1-Trifluoro-N-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl) methanesulfinimidoyl chloride, CF3CF2NS(Cl)CF3

The structural, conformational, and configurational properties of 1,1,1-Trifluoro-N-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl) methanesulfinimidoyl chloride, CF3CF2NS(Cl)CF3 have been studied by vibrational spectroscopy [IR (vapor) and Raman (liquid)] and quantum chemical calculations [B3LYP, MP2 and B3PW91 levels of theory using the 6-311+G(d), 6-311+G(df) and 6-311+G(2df) basis sets]. According to these theoretical approximations, CF3CF2NS(Cl)CF3 exists in the gas phase as a mixture of a favored anticlinal form (CN bond anticlinal with respect to the CSCl bisector) with C1 symmetry and a less abundant syn conformer showing C1 symmetry as well (ΔG° ≈ 1.20 kcal mol-1). Due to the small contribution only a few corresponding vibrational modes of the syn conformer could be assigned confidently in the experimental spectra. Compared to CF3CF2NS(F)CF3, the replacement of F by Cl produces a clear change in NS bond length and the corresponding stretching frequency, without affecting the conformational properties.Fil: Robles, Norma Lis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; ArgentinaFil: Chemes, Doly María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; ArgentinaFil: Heinz Oberhammer. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; AlemaniaFil: Cutin, Edgardo Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; Argentin

Papillary Ependymoma WHO Grade II of the Aqueduct Treated by Endoscopic Tumor Resection

Papillary ependymoma is a rare tumor that may be located along the ventricular walls or within the spinal cord. We report the case of a 54-year-old patient with a papillary ependymoma WHO grade II arising at the entrance of the aqueduct. The tumor caused hydrocephalus. The tumor was completely removed via a right-sided endoscopic approach with restoration of the aqueduct. The free cerebrospinal fluid passage through the aqueduct was not only visualized by endoscopy but also controlled by intraoperative high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, an additional endoscopic third ventriculostomy was unneccessary

Acute Hydrocephalus due to Secondary Leptomeningeal Dissemination of an Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

Secondary leptomeningeal dissemination of oligodendroglioma is very rare. We report the case of a 38-year-old Caucasian male who presented with acute hydrocephalus. 8 months before, the patient had undergone craniotomy for right frontal anaplastic oligodendroglioma, WHO grade III. By that time, there was no evidence of tumor dissemination. MRI now ruled out local tumor progression but revealed meningeal contrast enhancement along the medulla, the myelon, and the cauda equina. Repeated lumbar puncture revealed increased cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) pressure and protein content. Malignant cells were not detectable. Surgical treatment consisted in (1) placement of an ommaya reservoir for daily CSF puncture, (2) Spinal dural biopsy confirming leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma metastasis, and (3) ventriculo-peritoneal shunt placement after CSF protein has decreased to 1500–2000 mg/l

On the search of the influence of substituents in the structural and vibrational properties of p-substituted sulfinylanilines: Study of p-trifluoromethylsulfinylaniline

The study of substitution effects on the structural and vibrational properties of para substituted sulfinylanilines proceeds a step forward with the study of p-trifluoromethylsulfinylaniline, synthesized and characterized by NMR, Raman, FTIR and mass spectra. The experimental spectra were compared and analyzed taking into account theoretical spectra obtained with quantum chemical calculations at different levels of theory. The spectroscopic results reveal the presence of a single form of this molecule which, according to the calculated molecular structure, possesses the NSO group coplanar with the ring plane. In addition, the syn conformation of the NSO group is also derived from both, experimental and theoretical data. The presence of the CF 3 group in the para position of the aromatic ring influences the properties of the N[dbnd]S[dbnd]O group, with the N[dbnd]S bond more strongly affected than the S[dbnd]O bond compared to results reported for other para substituted sulfinylanilines.Fil: Chemes, Doly María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; ArgentinaFil: Cutin, Edgardo Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Rosa Maria Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Robles, Norma Lis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Oberhammer, Heinz. Universität Tübingen; Alemani

Synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterization of m-fluorosulfinylaniline

The synthesis of m-fluorosulfinylaniline together with a tentative assignment of the vibrational, NMR and mass spectra are reported. Quantum chemical calculations predict two stable conformers, with very similar energies, both of which possess in the liquid phase syn structure of the -N[double bond, length as m-dash]S[double bond, length as m-dash]O moiety (syn of the S[double bond, length as m-dash]O double bond relative to the C-N single bond). Both conformers belong to the CS symmetry group and differ by the relative orientation of the fluorine atom and the NSO group. However, the FT-IR, FT-Raman and NMR spectra do not allow a distinction between these two conformers. The experimentally observed spectral data (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H and 13C and GC-mass spectrometry) of the title compound are compared with the spectral data obtained by quantum chemical calculations and the gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) method (DFT/B3LYP approximation using 6-311+G(df), 6-311++G(df,pd) and cc-pVTZ basis sets). Moreover, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis is applied for studying the stability of the molecule upon charge delocalization in order to provide an explanation of its electronic properties.Fil: Paez Jerez, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto de Quimica del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Chemes, Doly María. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia. Instituto de Quimica Fisica; ArgentinaFil: Cutin, Edgardo Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto de Quimica del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Oberhammer, Heinz . Universität Tübingen. Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; AlemaniaFil: Robles, Norma Lis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto de Quimica del Noroeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentin

Synthesis, characterization and vibrational studies of p-chlorosulfinylaniline

p-Cholorosulfinylaniline was prepared by the reaction of p-chloroaniline and SOCl2. The structural, conformational and configurational properties of the obtained liquid compound were studied by Raman and infrared spectroscopy in the liquid state. The assignment of the vibrational spectra was carried out with the help of data obtained by quantum chemical calculations at the harmonic oscillator approximation and using anharmonic vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) method as well. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by Gauge including orbital (GIAO) method (DFT/B3LYP approximation using 6-311 + G (df), 6-311++G (df,pd) and cc-pVTZ basis sets) and compared to the experimental values. Natural Bond Orbital analysis provides an explanation of the stability of the molecule and its electronic properties upon charge delocalization.Fil: Chemes, Doly María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Alonso de Armiño, Diego Javier. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Cutin, Edgardo Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Oberhammer, Heinz. Universitat Tübingen; AlemaniaFil: Robles, Norma Lis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentin

Exploring the Relationship Between Social Networking Site Usage and Participation in Protest Activities

A methodological approach is developed for exploring the relationship between the use of social networking sites and participation in protest activities. Although a recent meta-analysis study demonstrated that there is a positive association between the two, little work examining this association further appears to have been published. The methodology proposed here studies the patterns of the relationship between nine social media and five types of protest activity using the techniques of multiple correspondence analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and induction of decision rules. The results give insights into the relationship in different segments of individuals' profiles defined as non-activist, offline activist, social media user (two types) and online activist. Significantly, this last segment proves to be a small and heterogeneous group. The results also show that the proposed approach is useful for exploring the patterns of the relationship in a low-dimensional space. Limitations of the methodology and possible extensions are discussed

Mehr Strukturwandel für Wachstum und Beschäftigung : die deutsche Wirtschaft im Anpassungsstau.

Standortfaktor; Strukturpolitik; Deutschland;

Comparison of Selective Laser Melted Titanium and Magnesium Implants Coated with PCL

Degradable implant material for bone remodeling that corresponds to the physiological stability of bone has still not been developed. Promising degradable materials with good mechanical properties are magnesium and magnesium alloys. However, excessive gas production due to corrosion can lower the biocompatibility. In the present study we used the polymer coating polycaprolactone (PCL), intended to lower the corrosion rate of magnesium. Additionally, improvement of implant geometry can increase bone remodeling. Porous structures are known to support vessel ingrowth and thus increase osseointegration. With the selective laser melting (SLM) process, defined open porous structures can be created. Recently, highly reactive magnesium has also been processed by SLM. We performed studies with a flat magnesium layer and with porous magnesium implants coated with polymers. The SLM produced magnesium was compared with the titanium alloy TiAl6V4, as titanium is already established for the SLM-process. For testing the biocompatibility, we used primary murine osteoblasts. Results showed a reduced corrosion rate and good biocompatibility of the SLM produced magnesium with PCL coating.DFG/299/11-