Sosa v Alvarez-Machain and The Alien Tort Claims Act

Since the seminal case of Filartiga v Pena-Irala in 1980, the controversial Alien Tort Claims Act has regularly been invoked in United States federal courts to sue foreign perpetrators of international human rights violations. In Sosa v Alvarez-Machain, decided in 2004, the United States Supreme Court for the first time ruled on the Act’s proper application. This article, after first identifying three different approaches taken towards the Act by federal courts over the last 25 years, examines the Supreme Court decision. While welcoming the Court’s affirmation of the Act as a mechanism for addressing certain international law violations, it critiques the Court’s conservative and problematic test to determine the extent of the international law violations falling within the Act’s ambit, and highlights many ambiguities in the decision with which lower courts will have to grapple

Recent Developments in Robocasting of Ceramics and Multimaterial Deposition

Robocasting is a freeform fabrication technique for dense ceramics and composites that is based on layer-wise deposition of highly loaded colloidalslurries. The process is essentially binderless with less than 1% organics and parts can be fabricated, dried, and completely sintered in less than 24 hours. This overview will highlight recent materials developments for structural applications and modelling of slurry flow. Fabrication of preforms for alumina/metal composites will be discussed as well as techniques for multimaterial deposition in both graded structures and discrete placement of fugitive materials.Mechanical Engineerin

Observations on recurrent vomiting with acetonuria in children

It would seem justifiable, therefore, to present the following clinical observations to demonstrate that:(1) The presence of ketosis is the essential feature of recurrent vomiting, the latter being secondary to a high concentration of acetone. This condition is invariably met with in a definite type of child who shows evidence of nervous hyperexcitability even from the first few weeks of life. (3) This physical type may be hereditarily transmitted.A discussion of the findings follows, and the relationship between ketonuria and the neuro-labile character is examined in an attempt to find an explanation for the occurrence of this condition

A Follow-Up Study Of The Recipients Of The Master\u27s Degree From Prairie View Agricultural And Mechanical College

It is an accepted, fact that education is dynamic and ever-changing. Some revolutionary, as well as evolutionary changes, are constantly taking place, to a greater degree the latter prevails. College administrators in cooperation with their staffs and a varied number of other agencies are constantly taking place, to a greater degree the latter prevails. College administrators in cooperation with their staff and a varied number of other agencies are constantly planning, revising, and reorganizing school programs to cope with the ever-changing philosophies of education with scientific research as t h e basic instrumentality

Giant Merkel Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as a Benign Cyst on the Buttock of an African American Man

We report a case of a 60-year-old African American man who presented with a 4-year history of a previously asymptomatic, recently enlarging nodule on his left buttock, which was initially presumed to be an epidermoid cyst. Physical examination revealed a large, fixed, subcutaneous tumor, and a biopsy revealed merkel cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for pankeratin, CAM 5.2, synaptophysin, and CD56 and negative for CK7, CK20, TTF-1, chromogranin, CD3, CD20, CD57, MART1, and HMB 45. The patient underwent wide local excision of the lesion with removal of the fascia overlying the gluteus and full body positron emission tomography (PET) and was found to have Stage IIb disease. He subsequently received adjuvant radiotherapy limited to the tumor bed at a dose of 60 gray

Assessing Oral Health Curriculum in US Family Medicine Residency Programs: A CERA Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the past decade, national initiatives have called for improved oral health training for physicians. We do not know, however, how family medicine residency programs have answered this call. METHODS: Family medicine residency directors completed a survey that asked how many hours of oral health teaching are included in their programs in addition to what topics are covered and the perceived barriers to this education. The response rate was 35%. RESULTS: A total of 72% of respondents agreed that oral health is an important topic, but only 32% are satisfied with their residents\u27 competency in oral health. Barriers to this education included competing priorities (85%), inadequate time (69%), and lack of faculty expertise (52%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that programs are including more hours than in previous years, yet continued efforts are needed to cover core oral health topics and increase the competency of family medicine residents. Awareness of STFM\u27s Smiles for Life and use of its modules were associated with increased hours of training

Assessing Oral Health Curriculum in U.S. Family Medicine Residency Programs: A National Survey

Background: During the past decade, national initiatives have called for improved oral health (OH) training for physicians. However, how Family Medicine residency programs have answered this call is unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how much oral health education is being provided to Family Medicine residents, if the program directors are aware of the importance of oral health, and if there are specific barriers to teaching oral health curricula in these programs. Methods: 452 Family Medicine residency directors were surveyed about numbers of hours of OH teaching, topics covered, and perceived barriers to this education. Results: 72% of respondents agreed that OH is an important topic, but only 32% were satisfied with their residents\u27 competency in OH. All but 4% of programs address OH in their curricula; 52% reported 1-2 hours and 45% reported 3+ hours of OH teaching. Most commonly covered topics were prevention and care of caries (89%) and pediatric screening (85%); less covered topics included fluoride varnish (58%) and pregnancy and oral health (61%). Barriers to OH education included competing priorities (85%), inadequate time (69%), and lack of faculty expertise (52%). Awareness of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine\u27s Smiles for Life (SFL) curriculum and the use of SFL modules were associated with increased hours of training. Training in fluoride varnish, but not the application itself, was associated with more hours of OH curriculum. Residency directors who indicated competing priorities or lack of faculty expertise as barriers reported fewer hours of OH training. Conclusion: Findings suggest that Family Medicine programs are including more hours than previously, yet continued efforts are needed to cover core OH topics and increase residents’ competence. Awareness of STFM\u27s Smiles for Life and use of its modules were associated with increased hours of training