DEVELOPING COUNTRY CONCERNS AND MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS

International Relations/Trade,

A simplified method for determining convective heat-transfer coefficients

Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined by measuring temperatures of hot and cold fluids separated by wall, and temperature of wall at single point. Method is applicable to heat exchangers and rocket engines

Globalization, Natural Resources and Foreign Investment: A View from the Resource-Rich Tropics

This article uses data drawn from Southeast Asia and West Africa to help explain the geographical distribution of foreign investment. Why during late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century globalization did the attributes of abundant natural resources, mass migration and export expansion that attracted large foreign investment to the New World not similarly draw capital to the tropics? I argue that in a number of tropical countries, rich natural resources and cheap labour available through mass migration effectively substituted for foreign borrowing. At the same time, the dominant institution of colonialism throughout Southeast Asia and West Africa limited borrowing from abroad and helped to ensure that even for these resource-rich countries capital flows remained slight.19th century UK foreign investment; tropical growth; globalization; vent-for-surplus; natural resources; institutions; colonialism

The More Things Change, The More They Stay the Same: Trends in Long-term Employment in the United States, 1969-2002

This study considers whether there has been a decline in the attachment of workers and firms in the United States over the past several decades. Specifically, it compares snapshots of job tenure taken at the end of workers' careers from 1969 to 2002, using data from the Retirement History Survey, the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, and the Health and Retirement Study. The primary finding is one of stability in the prevalence of long-term employment relationships for men in the United States. In 1969, average tenure in the longest job for males aged 58-62 was 21.9 years. In 2002, the comparable figure was 21.4 years. Just over half of men ending their careers in 1969 had been with a single employer for at least 20 years; the same is true in 2002. This finding is robust to adjustments for minor differences in question details across data sources and for educational and retirement age changes over this time period.

Long-Term Effects of Job Displacement: Evidence from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

This paper measures the long-term wage and earnings losses of workers who lose jobs due to plant closings and layoffs, using a fixed-effects estimator to control for unobserved worker characteristics and longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results show large and persistent effects of displacement on average, with earnings and wages falling by 25 and 12 percent in the year after job loss. Six or more years later, earnings and wages remain reduced by approximately nine percent. Multiple job losses are responsible for much of this persistence. Those workers who avoid subsequent displacements experience more rapid recovery, with earnings and wage reductions of one and four percent six or more years after displacement. These multiple job losses are not heavily concentrated among any identifiable group of workers, but instead affect the recovery patterns of workers with a variety of characteristics.

Resources and Tools:A Step-by-Step Methodological Guide for Costing HIV/AIDS Activities

Many developing countries have recognized the need for comprehensive national reforms and comprehensive prevention, treatment, and care and support initiatives to reduce future transmission of and to meet the growing demand for HIV/AIDS services. As a part of these national health reform initiatives, governments are exploring ways to allocate resources in the most efficient and effective way to mitigate the HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, many countries lack information on the level and nature of the costs of HIV/AIDS programs. This document provides an introduction to the procedure for calculating and analyzing the costs of HIV/AIDS programs and describes how to measure directly the actual costs of a program that is up and running. The step-by-step guide is intended to provide project managers in the field with a framework for how to do measure costs for a single, recent year in the life of an HIV/AIDS program. An illustrative activities list in the report annex will assist the user to develop an activities-based framework. The information gleaned from the costing framework will enable policymakers and program managers to make informed resource allocation decisions

Migration and Elastic Labour in Economic Development: Southeast Asia before World War II

Between 1880 and 1939, Burma, Malaya and Thailand received inflows of migrants from India and China comparable in size to European immigration in the New World. This article examines the forces that lay behind this migration to Southeast Asia and asks if experience there bears out Lewis' unlimited labor supply hypothesis. We find that it does and, furthermore, that immigration created a highly integrated labor market stretching from South India to Southeastern China. Emigration from India and China and elastic labor supply are identified as important components of Asian globalization before the Second World War.

Strategic argument mapping

Includes bibliographical references (p. 38)