A less expensive toilet: the impact of targeted subsidies on latrine purchases in Cambodia

iDE’s sanitation marketing efforts in Cambodia have resulted in over 250,000 sales of improved pourflush latrines. Despite the overall efficacy of this approach, iDE recognizes that market actors are not necessarily incentivized to reach the poorest segments of the market. iDE and Causal Design utilized a randomized controlled trial, in which poor households in treatment villages were offered partial subsidies, financing and cash-only options, while control-village households were offered only financing or cash-only purchase options, to test which financing mechanism leads to the greatest coverage change among poor households, while having the least distortionary effect on the market. The study finds uptake rates among poor households increased by 14-16 percent compared to the control group, while there was no significant effect on non-poor households. This study provides compelling evidence for the impact, as well as increased cost-effectiveness, of well-targeted subsidies on latrine uptake among lower-income households in a market-based approach

Transport properties of ybco thin films near the critical state with no applied field

Transport measurements carried out on twinned ybco films are compared to the predictions of a previously proposed model suggesting that the vortices move along the films twin boundaries that behave as rows of Josephson weak links [P.Bernstein and J.F.Hamet, J.Appl.Phys.95 (2004) 2569]. The obtained results suggest that, except if the films are very thin, the twin boundaries consist of superimposed rows of weak links with mean height,ds, whose mean length along the TBs is an universal function of T/Tc, the reduced temperature. This conclusion yields a general expression for the critical surface current density of the films as a function of T/Tc and of the number of superimposed weak links rows, while the critical current density depends on ds. A comparison of the measurements reported by various authors shows that the nature of the substrate and the growth technique have both a strong effect on ds . The existence of superimposed weak links rows is attributed to extended defects generated by y2o3 inclusions.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in Physica

Oral History Interview with Virgina Lynch, April 18, 2000

In this film for the Oral Archives Project, Virginia Lynch (1915-2007), former owner of Virginia Lynch Gallery in Tiverton, R.I., was interviewed by Ann Hudner, Director of Public Relations at RISD 1994-2007. The interview took place April 18, 2000. Virginia Lynch had a long relationship with RISD, as a trustee from 1978-1987, re-appointed 1988-1998, and she held the position of honorary trustee. Over the years she exhibited the work of numerous Rhode Island artists, including RISD faculty and alumni. Directed by Frank Muhly.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/archives_oralhistories/1005/thumbnail.jp

Oral History Interview with RISD President Roger Mandle, April 1, 2008, Part I

Part I of a two part interview with RISD President Roger Mandle (1993-2008) filmed April 1st, 2008. Interviewed by Anne Hudner. Produced by Andrew Martinez. Videography: Josh Backer and Jack Lenk.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/archives_oralhistories/1008/thumbnail.jp

Oral History Interview with RISD President Roger Mandle, April 1, 2008, Part I

Part I of a two part interview with RISD President Roger Mandle (1993-2008) filmed April 1st, 2008 for the RISD Oral History Project. Interviewed by Anne Hudner. Produced by Andrew Martinez. Videography: Josh Backer and Jack Lenk.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/archives_oralhistories/1008/thumbnail.jp