We’ll Protect You! Oh, Wait, But Not You. Or You, You, or You: The Consequences of the Court’s Major Undertaking in Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam

For centuries, the writ of habeas corpus has been used to test the legality of restraints on a person’s freedom. The Founders, recognizing the significance of the protection, incorporated the writ into the Suspension Clause of our Constitution. In the last century, the Supreme Court has repeatedly held that noncitizens may invoke the Suspension Clause. Courts, especially in the immigration context, also expanded the definition of “in custody” for the purpose of habeas corpus to included non-detained persons in removal proceedings. The Supreme Court has departed from such precedent and gave new meaning to habeas corpus in the immigration context—a major undertaking with serious consequences for asylum seekers.This Comment analyzes the Supreme Court’s decision in Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam. It focuses on the Court’s departure from precedent to project new meaning onto habeas corpus in the immigration context. In critiquing such departure, the Comment discusses the erosion of asylum protections in the last twenty-five years. This Comment suggests that Congress must take action to rebuild asylum law

Florida’s Market-Based Property Reforms and Revocation of One-Way Attorney Fees: Implications for Florida Policyholders

The recent turmoil in the Florida property insurance market has pushed the Florida legislature to take affirmative action to restabilize the market. But as Florida continues to enact market-based insurance reforms, residents are left to suffer the consequences, especially where the reforms incentivize insurers to unreasonably deny coverage and leave residential policyholders without recourse. The purpose of this Article is to highlight those consequences, including the difficulty of litigating residential property coverage claims under Florida law

Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and in the Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

One of the most important questions humanity will face in the next 100 years is going to be What will happen when oil runs out? This dissertation describes efforts to utilize solar energy to improve renewable energy technology in two ways: First, through the improvement of dye sensitized solar cells by theimprovement of D-π-A dye subunits, the development of practical sensitizers, and progress towards stable, tunable redox shuttles. A novel indolizine donor subunit was synthesized that was shown to be the strongest reported donor. Dyes made from this novel donor and devices using the Γ-/I 3- reached up to 5.4% efficiency. This donor was then systematically improved by the addition of non-conjugated substituents, which acted as good surface blocking groups and thus facilitated high performance during device testing. Dyes made using this donor and devices using the Γ-/I 3- redox shuttle reached up to 6.7% efficiency. Second, this thesis describes efforts to close the carbon cycle through utilization of solar energy in CO2 reduction. The described efforts regard the improvement of known catalysts through increased stability and performance, and of the use of a simulated solar spectrum to improve the practicality of photocatalyticCO2 reduction. By the substitution of a pyridyl chelating group for an N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligand, the synthesized complexes were more stable while still absorbing visible light. The synthesized complexes operated as photocatalysts with or without a photosensitizer, making this the fourth reported series ofnon-sensitized photocatalysts for CO2 reduction

On the Content of Polynomials Over Semirings and Its Applications

In this paper, we prove that Dedekind-Mertens lemma holds only for those semimodules whose subsemimodules are subtractive. We introduce Gaussian semirings and prove that bounded distributive lattices are Gaussian semirings. Then we introduce weak Gaussian semirings and prove that a semiring is weak Gaussian if and only if each prime ideal of this semiring is subtractive. We also define content semialgebras as a generalization of polynomial semirings and content algebras and show that in content extensions for semirings, minimal primes extend to minimal primes and discuss zero-divisors of a content semialgebra over a semiring who has Property (A) or whose set of zero-divisors is a finite union of prime ideals. We also discuss formal power series semirings and show that under suitable conditions, they are good examples of weak content semialgebras.Comment: Final version published at J. Algebra Appl., one reference added, three minor editorial change

A Study of a Carbonaceous Gold Ore

The presence of graphite in the ore of the Missouri-McKee Mine has made its treatment by the methods now used quite unsatisfactory. The study was undertaken to de­velop a new flow sheet which would give a high recovery and yet be economical enough to handle low grade material

A formula for the core of an ideal

The core of an ideal is the intersection of all its reductions. For large classes of ideals I we explicitly describe the core as a colon ideal of a power of a single reduction and a power of I.Comment: to appear in Math. An

Respuesta del maíz a cultivos de cobertura y fertilización con nitrógeno

Maize (Zea mays L.) inbred seed production fields on the southern semiarid coast of Puerto Rico are usually fallow each year from May to September. Inbreds have lower seed yields than single-cross hybrids, yet producers tend to apply high fertilizer nitrogen (N) levels in efforts to increase yields. Inbred maize response to fertilizer-N was evaluated on the southern semiarid coast of Puerto Rico in a cover crop-maize cropping sequence in 2009, and in a fallow-maize sequence in 2010 in a Fluventic Haplustoll. In general, maize produced after a legume cover crop of velvetbean (Mucuna prurience) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata 'Iron Clay') had better yields and agronomic traits than maize after the fallow treatment. In 2009, maximum seed yields of 2,726 kg/ha were obtained with fertilizer-N application in the range of 112 to 224 kg N/ha. In 2010, maximum seed yields of 1,447 kg/ha were obtained with fertilizer-N application in the range of 84 to 211 kg N/ha. Harvest index was 0.26 and 0.27 in 2009 and 2010 for all fertilizer-N treatments; higher than that for unfertilized maize. In general, agronomic traits were superior as a result of fertilizer-N application without consistent differences among fertilizer-N levels applied. The SPAD chlorophyll meter, leaf color index and leaf area index were suitable indicators of N status in the maize plants. Highest N use efficiencies were observed for the 112 kg N/ha and 84 kg N/ha fertilizer levels for 2009 and 2010, respectively, and decreased with increasing fertilizer-N applied. Fertilizer-N rates in soils, climatic systems, and maize inbreds similar to the ones tested should be between 84 and 112 kg N/ha. Greater amounts of fertilizer-N will result in decreased economic benefit and potential environmental contamination. La producción de líneas puras de maíz (Zea mays L.) se realiza principalmente en la zona semiárida del sur de Puerto Rico, donde los predios están en barbecho sin cobertura vegetal de mayo a septiembre de cada año. Las líneas puras tienen menores rendimientos que los híbridos, pero los productores tienden a aplicar altos niveles de fertilizante nitrogenado (N) con la Intención de aumentar los rendimientos. Se evaluó la respuesta de líneas puras de maíz a fertlizante-N en una secuencia de cobertura-maíz en 2009 y barbecho-maíz en 2010 en un Fluventic Haplustoll en la zona de los llanos costeros del sur de Puerto Rico. En general, el maíz producido luego de la cobertura de Mucuna prurience o Vigna unguiculata 'Iron Clay' mostró mayores rendimientos y mejores indicadores agronómicos que el maíz luego de barbecho. En el 2009, el rendimiento máximo en semilla de 2,726 kg/ha se logró con la aplicación de fertilizante-N en el rango de 112 a 224 kg N/ha, y en el 2010 el rendimiento máximo en semilla de 1,447 kg/ ha se logró con fertilizante-N en el rango de 84 a 211 kg N/ha. El índice de cosecha fue de 0.26 y 0.27 en 2009 y 2010 para los tratamientos fertilizados con N, y fue mayor que en maíz sin fertilizar. El medidor de clorofila en hoja, el índice de color en hoja y el índice de área foliar fueron buenos indicadores de suficiencia de N. La aplicación de fertilizante-N en suelos, clima y líneas puras de maíz similares a lo evaluado debe ser entre 84 y 112 kg N/ha. El uso de niveles de fertilización mayores resultará en un menor beneficio económico y mayor potencial de contaminación ambiental