Reflectance Pulse Oximetry - Principles and Obstetric Application in the Zurich System

Transmission and reflectance are the two main modes of pulse oximetry. In obstetrics, due to the absence of a transilluminable fetal part for transmission oximetry, the only feasible option is the reflectance mode, in which sensor and detector are located on the same surface of the body part. However, none of the reflectance pulse oximeters developed for intrapartum use are fully satisfactory, as indicated by the fact that none have entered routine use. We have designed, developed, constructed and tested a reflectance pulse oximeter with the possibility to adjust the electronic circuits and signal processing in order to determine the effects of various parameters on signal amplitude and wave-form and to optimize the sensitivity and spatial arrangement of the optical elements. Following an explanation of the principles of reflectance pulse oximetry, we report our experience with the design, development, construction and field-testing of an in-house reflectance pulse oximetry system for obstetric applicatio

An Operational Semantics for Declarative Multi-Paradigm Languages1 1This work has been partially supported by CICYT TIC 2001-2705-C03-01, by the MCYT under grants HA2001-0059, HU2001-0019 and HI2000-0161, and by the DFG under grant Ha 2457/1-2.

AbstractPractical declarative multi-paradigm languages combine the main features of functional, logic and concurrent programming (e.g., laziness, sharing, higher-order, logic variables, non-determinism, search strategies). Usually, these languages also include interfaces to external functions as well as to constraint solvers. In this work, we introduce the first formal description of an operational semantics for realistic multi-paradigm languages covering all the aforementioned features in a precise and understandable manner. We also provide a deterministic version of the operational semantics which models search strategies explicitly. This deterministic semantics becomes essential to develop language-specific tools like program tracers, profilers, optimizers, etc. Finally, we extend the deterministic semantics in order to model concurrent computations. An implementation of the complete operational semantics has been undertaken

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Determination of the minimum number of cardiac cycles necessary to ensure representative blood flow velocity measurements

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Physiological insights based on fetal tcPo2 monitoring

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Continuous PO2 and PCO2 Monitoring in the Neonate

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