Comparison between intratumoral and intravenously administered oncolytic virus therapy with Newcastle disease virus in a xenograft murine model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a poor clinical prognosis and is usually a metastatic disease. In the last decades, oncolytic viro-immunotherapy has shown a promise as treatment strategy with encouraging results for a variety of tumors. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus which selectively infects and damages tumors either by directly killing tumor cells or by promoting an anti-tumor immune response. Several studies have demonstrated that NDV strains with a multi-basic cleavage site (MBCS) in the fusion protein (F) have increased anti-tumor efficacy upon intratumoral injection in murine tumor models. However, intravenous injections, in which the oncolytic virus spreads systemically, could be more beneficial to treat metastasized PDAC in addition to the primary tumor. In this study, we compared the oncolytic efficacy and safety of intratumoral and intravenous injections with NDV containing an MBCS in F (NDV F3aa) in an immune deficient murine xenograft (BxPC3) model for PDAC. In this model, both intratumoral and intravenous injections with NDV F3aa induced anti-tumor efficacy as measured at 10 days after the first injection. Upon intravenous injection virus was detected in some of the tumors, indicating the systemic spread of the virus. Upon both treatments, mice did not display weight loss or abnormalities and treated mice did not secrete virus to the environment. These data demonstrate that intravenous injections of NDV F3aa can be applicable to treat metastasized cancers in immune deficient hosts without inflicting adverse effects

Short-term effects of an elimination diet and healthy diet in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized-controlled trial.

Health and self-regulationStress and Psychopatholog

Transmission of Light in Deep Sea Water at the Site of the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope

The ANTARES neutrino telescope is a large photomultiplier array designed to detect neutrino-induced upward-going muons by their Cherenkov radiation. Understanding the absorption and scattering of light in the deep Mediterranean is fundamental to optimising the design and performance of the detector. This paper presents measurements of blue and UV light transmission at the ANTARES site taken between 1997 and 2000. The derived values for the scattering length and the angular distribution of particulate scattering were found to be highly correlated, and results are therefore presented in terms of an absorption length;,ab, and an effective scattering length lambda(sct)(eff). The values for blue (UV) light are found to be lambda(abs) similar or equal to 60(26) m, lambda(sct)(eff similar or equal to) 265(122) m, with significant (similar to15%) time variability. Finally, the results of ANTARES simulations showing the effect of these water properties on the anticipated performance of the detector are presented