215 research outputs found
Semi-Analytic Calculation of the Gravitational Wave Signal From the Electroweak Phase Transition for General Quartic Scalar Effective Potentials
Upcoming gravitational wave (GW) detectors might detect a stochastic
background of GWs potentially arising from many possible sources, including
bubble collisions from a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition. We
investigate whether it is possible to connect, via a semi-analytical
approximation to the tunneling rate of scalar fields with quartic potentials,
the GW signal through detonations with the parameters entering the potential
that drives the electroweak phase transition. To this end, we consider a finite
temperature effective potential similar in form to the Higgs potential in the
Standard Model (SM). In the context of a semi-analytic approximation to the
three dimensional Euclidean action, we derive a general approximate form for
the tunneling temperature and the relevant GW parameters. We explore the GW
signal across the parameter space describing the potential which drives the
phase transition. We comment on the potential detectability of a GW signal with
future experiments, and physical relevance of the associated potential
parameters in the context of theories which have effective potentials similar
in form to that of the SM. In particular we consider singlet, triplet, higher
dimensional operators, and top-flavor extensions to the Higgs sector of the SM.
We find that the addition of a temperature independent cubic term in the
potential, arising from a gauge singlet for instance, can greatly enhance the
GW power. The other parameters have milder, but potentially noticeable,
effects.Comment: accepted by JCAP, revisions: removed turbulence contribution, minor
changes to experimental sensitivity, fixed various minor typos and text
revisions, added references, made it clear we consider only detonations; 17
pages, 4 figures, revtex
Isotope shift calculations for atoms with one valence electron
This work presents a method for the ab initio calculation of isotope shift in
atoms and ions with one valence electron above closed shells. As a zero
approximation we use relativistic Hartree-Fock and then calculate correlation
corrections. The main motivation for developing the method comes from the need
to analyse whether different isotope abundances in early universe can
contribute to the observed anomalies in quasar absorption spectra. The current
best explanation for these anomalies is the assumption that the fine structure
constant, alpha, was smaller at early epoch. We test the isotope shift method
by comparing the calculated and experimental isotope shift for the alkali and
alkali-like atoms Na, MgII, K, CaII and BaII. The agreement is found to be
good. We then calculate the isotope shift for some astronomically relevant
transitions in SiII and SiIV, MgII, ZnII and GeII.Comment: 11 page
Magnetic Fields at First Order Phase Transition: A Threat to Electroweak Baryogenesis
The generation of the observed baryon asymmetry may have taken place during
the electroweak phase transition, thus involving physics testable at LHC, a
scenario dubbed electroweak baryogenesis. In this paper we point out that the
magnetic field which is produced in the bubbles of a first order phase
transition endangers the baryon asymmetry produced in the bubble walls. The
reason being that the produced magnetic field couples to the sphaleron magnetic
moment and lowers the sphaleron energy; this strengthens the sphaleron
transitions inside the bubbles and triggers a more effective wash out of the
baryon asymmetry. We apply this scenario to the Minimal Supersymmetric
extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) where, in the absence of a magnetic
field, successful electroweak baryogenesis requires the lightest CP-even Higgs
and the right-handed stop masses to be lighter than about 127 GeV and 120 GeV,
respectively. We show that even for moderate values of the magnetic field, the
Higgs mass required to preserve the baryon asymmetry is below the present
experimental bound. As a consequence electroweak baryogenesis within the MSSM
should be confronted on the one hand to future measurements at the LHC on the
Higgs and the right-handed stop masses, and on the other hand to more precise
calculations of the magnetic field produced at the electroweak phase
transition.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. Minor corrections and references added to match
published versio
Nine-Propagator Master Integrals for Massless Three-Loop Form Factors
We complete the calculation of master integrals for massless three-loop form
factors by computing the previously-unknown three diagrams with nine
propagators in dimensional regularisation. Each of the integrals yields a
six-fold Mellin-Barnes representation which we use to compute the coefficients
of the Laurent expansion in epsilon. Using Riemann zeta functions of up to
weight six, we give fully analytic results for one integral; for a second,
analytic results for all but the finite term; for the third, analytic results
for all but the last two coefficients in the Laurent expansion. The remaining
coefficients are given numerically to sufficiently high accuracy for
phenomenological applications.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures. Minor modifications and reference added. Matches
published versio
Logarithmic two-loop corrections to the Lamb shift in hydrogen
Higher order logarithmic corrections to the
hydrogen Lamb shift are calculated. The results obtained show the two-loop
contribution has a very peculiar behavior, and significantly alter the
theoretical predictions for low lying S-states.Comment: 14 pages, including 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, updated
with minor change
Semiclassical force for electroweak baryogenesis: three-dimensional derivation
We derive a semiclassical transport equation for fermions propagating in the
presence of a CP-violating planar bubble wall at a first order electroweak
phase transition. Starting from the Kadanoff-Baym (KB) equation for the
two-point (Wightman) function we perform an expansion in gradients, or
equivalently in the Planck constant h-bar. We show that to first order in h-bar
the KB equations have a spectral solution, which allows for an on-shell
description of the plasma excitations. The CP-violating force acting on these
excitations is found to be enhanced by a boost factor in comparison with the
1+1-dimensional case studied in a former paper. We find that an identical
semiclassical force can be obtained by the WKB method. Applications to the MSSM
are also mentioned.Comment: 19 page
Spin fluctuations in the quasi-two dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet GdI_2 studied by Electron Spin Resonance
The spin dynamics of GdI_2 have been investigated by ESR spectroscopy. The
temperature dependences of the resonance field and ESR intensity are well
described by the model for the spin susceptibility proposed by Eremin et al.
[Phys. Rev. B 64, 064425 (2001)]. The temperature dependence of the resonance
linewidth shows a maximum similar to the electrical resistance and is discussed
in terms of scattering processes between conduction electrons and localized
spins.Comment: to be published in PR
The Orbital Order Parameter in La0.95Sr0.05MnO3 probed by Electron Spin Resonance
The temperature dependence of the electron-spin resonance linewidth in
La0.95Sr0.05MnO3 has been determined and analyzed in the paramagnetic regime
across the orbital ordering transition. From the temperature dependence and the
anisotropy of linewidth and -value the orbital order can be unambiguously
determined via the mixing angle of the wave functions of the -doublet. The linewidth shows a similar evolution with temperature as
resonant x-ray scattering results
Calculation of the Two-Loop Heavy-Flavor Contribution to Bhabha Scattering
We describe in detail the calculation of the two-loop corrections to the QED
Bhabha scattering cross section due to the vacuum polarization by heavy
fermions. Our approach eliminates one mass scale from the most challenging part
of the calculation and allows us to obtain the corrections in a closed
analytical form. The result is valid for arbitrary values of the heavy fermion
mass and the Mandelstam invariants, as long as s,t,u >> m_e^2.Comment: 43 pages, 8 figures; added reference
On a two-loop crossed six-line master integral with two massive lines
We compute the two-loop crossed six-line vertex master integral with two
massive lines in dimensional regularisation, and give the result up to the
finite part in D-4. We focus in particular on the purely analytical calculation
of the boundary condition which we derive from a three-fold Mellin-Barnes
representation. We also describe how the computation of the boundary condition
is used to derive three non-trivial relations among harmonic polylogarithms of
the sixth root of unity.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. References added, minor modifications. Matches
published versio
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