37 research outputs found
Integrated quantitative PIXE analysis and EDX spectroscopy using a laser-driven particle source
Among the existing elemental characterization techniques, Particle Induced
X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy are two of
the most widely used in different scientific and technological fields. Here we
present the first quantitative laser-driven PIXE and laser-driven EDX
experimental investigation performed at the Centro de L\'aseres Pulsados in
Salamanca. Thanks to their potential for compactness and portability,
laser-driven particle sources are very appealing for materials science
applications, especially for materials analysis techniques. We demonstrate the
possibility to exploit the X-ray signal produced by the co-irradiation with
both electrons and protons to identify the elements in the sample. We show
that, using the proton beam only, we can successfully obtain quantitative
information about the sample structure through laser-driven PIXE analysis.
These results pave the way towards the development of a compact and
multi-functional apparatus for the elemental analysis of materials based on a
laser-driven particle source.Comment: This project has received funding from the European Research Council
(ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme (ENSURE grant agreement No. 647554). Submitted to Science Advances
on 20th May 2
Organizing risk: organization and management theory for the risk society
Risk has become a crucial part of organizing, affecting a wide range of organizations in all sectors. We identify, review and integrate diverse literatures relevant to organizing risk, building on an existing framework that describes how risk is organized in three ‘modes’ – prospectively, in real-time, and retrospectively. We then identify three critical issues in the existing literature: its fragmented nature; its neglect of the tensions associated with each of the modes; and its tendency to assume that the meaning of an object in relation to risk is singular and stable. We provide a series of new insights with regard to each of these issues. First, we develop the concept of a risk cycle that shows how organizations engage with all three modes and transition between them over time. Second, we explain why the tensions have been largely ignored and show how studies using a risk work perspective can provide further insights into them. Third, we develop the concept of risk translation to highlight the ways in the meanings of risks can be transformed and to identify the political consequences of such translations. We conclude the paper with a research agenda to elaborate these insights and ideas further
Integrated quantitative PIXE analysis and EDX spectroscopy using a laser-driven particle source
Mobilizing the social networks beyond project team frontiers: the case of polar expeditions
International audienceNew movements in project management are pushing project teams to hunt down contacts well outside their regular networks, to tackle problems encountered throughout project rollout. This raises the issue of initiating cooperation with someone unknown—that is, harnessing weak ties to tap into resources well outside the comfort zone. Our investigations into polar expedition projects has led us to develop the notion of a potentially cooperative weak tie, converging Granovetter's approach with a synthesis about cooperation differentiating identity-sense and utilitarian mechanisms. We conclude that a weak tie can initiate a cooperation only if it includes one of these two sources of cooperation