73 research outputs found
Adaptive Policy with Wait- Model for Simultaneous Translation
Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) requires a robust read/write policy
in conjunction with a high-quality translation model. Traditional methods rely
on either a fixed wait- policy coupled with a standalone wait-
translation model, or an adaptive policy jointly trained with the translation
model. In this study, we propose a more flexible approach by decoupling the
adaptive policy model from the translation model. Our motivation stems from the
observation that a standalone multi-path wait- model performs competitively
with adaptive policies utilized in state-of-the-art SiMT approaches.
Specifically, we introduce DaP, a divergence-based adaptive policy, that makes
read/write decisions for any translation model based on the potential
divergence in translation distributions resulting from future information. DaP
extends a frozen wait- model with lightweight parameters, and is both memory
and computation efficient. Experimental results across various benchmarks
demonstrate that our approach offers an improved trade-off between translation
accuracy and latency, outperforming strong baselines.Comment: Accept to EMNLP 2023 main conference. 17 pages, 12 figures, 5 table
Promising derivatives of rutaecarpine with diverse pharmacological activities
Rutaecarpine (RUT) is a natural pentacyclic indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid first isolated from one of the most famous traditional Chinese herbs, Evodia rutaecarpa, which is used for treating a variety of ailments, including headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, postpartum hemorrhage, amenorrhea, difficult menstruation, and other diseases. Accumulating pharmacological studies showed that RUT possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects through different mechanisms. However, its poor physicochemical properties and moderate biological activities have hampered its clinical application. In this regard, the modification of RUT aimed at seeking its derivatives with better physicochemical properties and more potency has been extensively studied. These derivatives exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, antitumor, and antifungal activities via a variety of mechanisms, such as inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), acetylcholine (AChE), phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), or topoisomerases (Topos). From this perspective, this paper provides a comprehensive description of RUT derivatives by focusing on their diverse biological activities. This review aims to give an insight into the biological activities of RUT derivatives and encourage further exploration of RUT
Multiple time scale analysis of sediment and runoff changes in the Lower Yellow River
Sediment and runoff changes of seven hydrological
stations along the Lower Yellow River (LYR) (Huayuankou Station, Jiahetan
Station, Gaocun Station, Sunkou Station, Ai Shan Station, Qikou Station and
Lijin Station) from 1980 to 2003 were alanyzed at multiple time scale. The
maximum value of monthly, daily and hourly sediment load and runoff
conservations were also analyzed with the annually mean value. Mann–Kendall
non-parametric mathematics correlation test and Hurst coefficient method
were adopted in the study. Research results indicate that (1)Â the runoff of
seven hydrological stations was significantly reduced in the study period at
different time scales. However, the trends of sediment load in these
stations were not obvious. The sediment load of Huayuankou, Jiahetan and
Aishan stations even slightly increased with the runoff decrease. (2)Â The
trends of the sediment load with different time scale showed differences at
Luokou and Lijin stations. Although the annually and monthly sediment load
were broadly flat, the maximum hourly sediment load showed decrease trend.
(3)Â According to the Hurst coefficients, the trend of sediment and runoff
will be continue without taking measures, which proved the necessary of
runoff-sediment regulation scheme
Deep Historical Borrowing Framework to Prospectively and Simultaneously Synthesize Control Information in Confirmatory Clinical Trials with Multiple Endpoints
In current clinical trial development, historical information is receiving
more attention as providing value beyond sample size calculation.
Meta-analytic-predictive (MAP) priors and robust MAP priors have been proposed
for prospectively borrowing historical data on a single endpoint. To
simultaneously synthesize control information from multiple endpoints in
confirmatory clinical trials, we propose to approximate posterior probabilities
from a Bayesian hierarchical model and estimate critical values by deep
learning to construct pre-specified decision functions before the trial
conduct. Simulation studies and a case study demonstrate that our method
additionally preserves power, and has a satisfactory performance under
prior-data conflict
Volume-regulated Cl- current: contributions of distinct Cl- channel and localized Ca2+ signals.
The swelling-activated chloride current (ICl,swell) is induced when a cell swells and plays a central role in maintaining cell volume in response to osmotic stress. The major contributor of ICl,swell is the volume regulated anion channel (VRAC). LRRC8A (SWELL1) was recently identified as an essential component of VRAC but the mechanisms of VRAC activation are still largely unknown; moreover, other Cl- channels, such as anoctamin 1 (ANO1) were also suggested to contribute to ICl,swell. In this present study, we investigated the roles of LRRC8A and ANO1 in activation of ICl,swell; we also explored the role of intracellular Ca2+ in ICl,swell activation. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach, electrophysiology, live fluorescent imaging, selective pharmacology and other approaches to show that both LRRC8A and ANO1 can be activated by cell swelling in HEK293 cells. Yet, both channels contribute biophysically and pharmacologically distinct components to ICl,swell, with LRRC8A being the major component. Cell swelling induced oscillatory Ca2+ transients and these Ca2+ signals were required to activate both, the LRRC8A- and ANO1-dependent components of ICl,swell. Both ICl,swell components required localized rather than global Ca2+ for activation. Interestingly, while intracellular Ca2+ was necessary and sufficient to activate ANO1, it was necessary but not sufficient to activate LRRC8A-mediated currents. Finally, Ca2+ transients linked to the ICl,swell activation were mediated by the GPCR-independent PLC isoforms
Disentangling the effects of vapor pressure deficit on northern terrestrial vegetation productivity
The impact of atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on plant photosynthesis has long been acknowledged, but large interactions with air temperature (T) and soil moisture (SM) still hinder a complete understanding of the influence of VPD on vegetation production across various climate zones. Here, we found a diverging response of productivity to VPD in the Northern Hemisphere by excluding interactive effects of VPD with T and SM. The interactions between VPD and T/SM not only offset the potential positive impact of warming on vegetation productivity but also amplifies the negative effect of soil drying. Notably, for high-latitude ecosystems, there occurs a pronounced shift in vegetation productivity\u27s response to VPD during the growing season when VPD surpasses a threshold of 3.5 to 4.0 hectopascals. These results yield previously unknown insights into the role of VPD in terrestrial ecosystems and enhance our comprehension of the terrestrial carbon cycle\u27s response to global warming
Identification of a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature to predict the prognosis and immune landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
BackgroundCuproptosis is considered a novel copper-induced cell death model regulated by targeting lipoylated TCA cycle proteins. In this study, we established a novel signature based on cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (crlncRNAs) to predict the prognosis and immune landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsRNA-seq matrix, somatic mutation files, and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. After dividing patients into two sets, a crlncRNA signature was established based on survival related crlncRNAs, which were selected by the univariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. To evaluate the model, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were utilized, and a nomogram was established for survival prediction. Immune landscape analysis, drug sensitivity, cluster analysis, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and ceRNA network analysis were conducted subsequently.ResultsA crlncRNA related prognosis signature was finally constructed with 12 crlncRNAs. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were 0.719, 0.705 and 0.693 respectively for 1, 3, and 5-year’s overall survival (OS). Patients in the low-risk group behaved a better prognosis, lower TMB, higher immune function activity and scores. In addition, patients from cluster 2 were more sensitive to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.ConclusionIn this study, we constructed a novel crlncRNA risk model to predict the survival of HNSCC patients. This reliable and acceptable prognostic signature may guide and promote the progress of novel treatment strategies for HNSCC patients
Population genetics, diversity and forensic characteristics of Tai–Kadai-speaking Bouyei revealed by insertion/deletions markers
Abstract(#br)China, inhabited by over 1.3 billion people and known for its genetic, cultural and linguistic diversity, is considered to be indispensable for understanding the association between language families and genetic diversity. In order to get a better understanding of the genetic diversity and forensic characteristics of Tai–Kadai-speaking populations in Southwest China, we genotyped 30 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers and amelogenin in 205 individuals from Tai–Kadai-speaking Bouyei people using the Qiagen Investigator DIPplex amplification kit. We carried out a comprehensive population genetic relationship investigation among 14,303 individuals from 84 worldwide populations based on allele frequency correlation and 4907 genotypes of 30 InDels from 36 populations distributed in..
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