20,375 research outputs found
Image Clustering with Contrastive Learning and Multi-scale Graph Convolutional Networks
Deep clustering has recently attracted significant attention. Despite the
remarkable progress, most of the previous deep clustering works still suffer
from two limitations. First, many of them focus on some distribution-based
clustering loss, lacking the ability to exploit sample-wise (or
augmentation-wise) relationships via contrastive learning. Second, they often
neglect the indirect sample-wise structure information, overlooking the rich
possibilities of multi-scale neighborhood structure learning. In view of this,
this paper presents a new deep clustering approach termed Image clustering with
contrastive learning and multi-scale Graph Convolutional Networks (IcicleGCN),
which bridges the gap between convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph
convolutional network (GCN) as well as the gap between contrastive learning and
multi-scale neighborhood structure learning for the image clustering task. The
proposed IcicleGCN framework consists of four main modules, namely, the
CNN-based backbone, the Instance Similarity Module (ISM), the Joint Cluster
Structure Learning and Instance reconstruction Module (JC-SLIM), and the
Multi-scale GCN module (M-GCN). Specifically, with two random augmentations
performed on each image, the backbone network with two weight-sharing views is
utilized to learn the representations for the augmented samples, which are then
fed to ISM and JC-SLIM for instance-level and cluster-level contrastive
learning, respectively. Further, to enforce multi-scale neighborhood structure
learning, two streams of GCNs and an auto-encoder are simultaneously trained
via (i) the layer-wise interaction with representation fusion and (ii) the
joint self-adaptive learning that ensures their last-layer output distributions
to be consistent. Experiments on multiple image datasets demonstrate the
superior clustering performance of IcicleGCN over the state-of-the-art
Impact of template backbone heterogeneity on RNA polymerase II transcription.
Variations in the sugar component (ribose or deoxyribose) and the nature of the phosphodiester linkage (3'-5' or 2'-5' orientation) have been a challenge for genetic information transfer from the very beginning of evolution. RNA polymerase II (pol II) governs the transcription of DNA into precursor mRNA in all eukaryotic cells. How pol II recognizes DNA template backbone (phosphodiester linkage and sugar) and whether it tolerates the backbone heterogeneity remain elusive. Such knowledge is not only important for elucidating the chemical basis of transcriptional fidelity but also provides new insights into molecular evolution. In this study, we systematically and quantitatively investigated pol II transcriptional behaviors through different template backbone variants. We revealed that pol II can well tolerate and bypass sugar heterogeneity sites at the template but stalls at phosphodiester linkage heterogeneity sites. The distinct impacts of these two backbone components on pol II transcription reveal the molecular basis of template recognition during pol II transcription and provide the evolutionary insight from the RNA world to the contemporary 'imperfect' DNA world. In addition, our results also reveal the transcriptional consequences from ribose-containing genomic DNA
Anisotropic Pauli spin-blockade effect and spin-orbit interaction field in an InAs nanowire double quantum dot
We report on experimental detection of the spin-orbit interaction field in an
InAs nanowire double quantum dot device. In the spin blockade regime, leakage
current through the double quantum dot is measured and is used to extract the
effects of spin-orbit interaction and hyperfine interaction on spin state
mixing. At finite magnetic fields, the leakage current arising from the
hyperfine interaction is suppressed and the spin-orbit interaction dominates
spin state mixing. We observe dependence of the leakage current on the applied
magnetic field direction and determine the direction of the spin-orbit
interaction field. We show that the spin-orbit field lies in a direction
perpendicular to the nanowire axis but with a pronounced off-substrate-plane
angle. It is for the first time that such an off-substrate-plane spin-orbit
field in an InAs nanowire has been detected. The results are expected to have
an important implication in employing InAs nanowires to construct spin-orbit
qubits and topological quantum devices.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, Supporting Informatio
NLO fragmentation functions for a quark into a spin-singlet quarkonium: Same flavor case
In the paper, we calculate the fragmentation functions for and
up to next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy. The ultraviolet
divergences in the real corrections are removed through operator
renormalization under the modified minimal subtraction scheme. We then obtain
the fragmentation functions and up to NLO QCD accuracy, which are presented as figures and
fitting functions. The numerical results show that the NLO corrections are
significant. The sensitives of the fragmentation functions to the
renormalization scale and the factorization scale are analyzed explicitly.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Gate defined quantum dot realized in a single crystalline InSb nanosheet
Single crystalline InSb nanosheet is an emerging planar semiconductor
material with potential applications in electronics, infrared optoelectronics,
spintronics and topological quantum computing. Here we report on realization of
a quantum dot device from a single crystalline InSb nanosheet grown by
molecular-beam epitaxy. The device is fabricated from the nanosheet on a
Si/SiO2 substrate and the quantum dot confinement is achieved by top gate
technique. Transport measurements show a series of Coulomb diamonds,
demonstrating that the quantum dot is well defined and highly tunable. Tunable,
gate-defined, planar InSb quantum dots offer a renewed platform for developing
semiconductor-based quantum computation technology.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
- …