Three-Dimensional (3D) Bicontinuous Hierarchically Porous Mn2O3 Single Crystals for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Bicontinuous hierarchically porous Mn2O3 single crystals (BHP-Mn2O3-SCs) with uniform parallelepiped geometry and tunable sizes have been synthesized and used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The monodispersed BHP-Mn2O3-SCs exhibit high specific surface area and three dimensional interconnected bimodal mesoporosity throughout the entire crystal. Such hierarchical interpenetrating porous framework can not only provide a large number of active sites for Li ion insertion, but also good conductivity and short diffusion length for Li ions, leading to a high lithium storage capacity and enhanced rate capability. Furthermore, owing to their specific porosity, these BHP-Mn2O3-SCs as anode materials can accommodate the volume expansion/contraction that occurs with lithium insertion/extraction during discharge/charge processes, resulting in their good cycling performance. Our synthesized BHP-Mn2O3-SCs with a size of ~700 nm display the best electrochemical performance, with a large reversible capacity (845 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) after 50 cycles), high coulombic efficiency (>95%), excellent cycling stability and superior rate capability (410 mA h g(-1) at 1 Ag(-1)). These values are among the highest reported for Mn2O3-based bulk solids and nanostructures. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study demonstrates that the BHP-Mn2O3-SCs are suitable for charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface.This work was realized in the frame of a program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team (IRT1169) of the Chinese Ministry of Education. B. L. Su acknowledges the Chinese Central Government for an “Expert of the State” position in the Program of the “Thousand Talents”. Y. Li acknowledges Hubei Provincial Department of Education for the “Chutian Scholar” program. T. Hasan acknowledges funding from a Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship and EPSRC IAA Grant (GRASS). This work is also financially supported by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20120143120019), This work is also financially supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2014CFB160) and Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of the SKLWUT (2015-ZD-7). We thank J.L. Xie, X.Q. Liu and T.T. Luo for TEM analysis from the Research and Test Center of Materials, Prof. L.Q. Mai for EIS analysis from WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory at Wuhan University of Technology.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep1468

Hierarchical TiO2/C nanocomposite monoliths with a robust scaffolding architecture, mesopore-macropore network and TiO2-C heterostructure for high-performance lithium ion batteries.

Engineering hierarchical structures of electrode materials is a powerful strategy for optimizing the electrochemical performance of an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report the fabrication of hierarchical TiO2/C nanocomposite monoliths by mediated mineralization and carbonization using bacterial cellulose (BC) as a scaffolding template as well as a carbon source. TiO2/C has a robust scaffolding architecture, a mesopore-macropore network and TiO2-C heterostructure. TiO2/C-500, obtained by calcination at 500 °C in nitrogen, contains an anatase TiO2-C heterostructure with a specific surface area of 66.5 m(2) g(-1). When evaluated as an anode material at 0.5 C, TiO2/C-500 exhibits a high and reversible lithium storage capacity of 188 mA h g(-1), an excellent initial capacity of 283 mA h g(-1), a long cycle life with a 94% coulombic efficiency preserved after 200 cycles, and a very low charge transfer resistance. The superior electrochemical performance of TiO2/C-500 is attributed to the synergistic effect of high electrical conductivity, anatase TiO2-C heterostructure, mesopore-macropore network and robust scaffolding architecture. The current material strategy affords a general approach for the design of complex inorganic nanocomposites with structural stability, and tunable and interconnected hierarchical porosity that may lead to the next generation of electrochemical supercapacitors with high energy efficiency and superior power density.Sincere gratitude goes to funding agencies for financially support: Y. Xu to NNSF China (2117 1067, 21373100), Jilin Provincial Talent Fund (802110000412) and Tang Aoqing Professor Fund of Jilin University (450091105161). T. Hasan to the Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship. B.L. Su to the Thousand Talents Program of China (“Expert of the State” position), Clare Hall Life Membership at the Clare Hall College and the financial support of the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, L.H. Chen and Y. Li to the Department of Education of Hubei Province for “Chutian Scholar” program, NNSF China (21301133), Hubei Natural Science Foundation (2014CFB1 60, 2015CFB428) and the financial support of SRF for ROCS (SEM [2015]311).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the Royal Society of Chemistry via https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR09149

Hierarchical Nanotube-Constructed Porous TiO₂-B Spheres for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries

Hierarchically structured porous TiO(2)-B spheres have been synthesized via a hydrothermal process using amorphous titania/oleylamine composites as a self-sacrificing template. The TiO(2)-B spheres are constructed by interconnected nanotubes and possess a high specific surface area of 295 m(2) g(-1). When evaluated as an anode material in lithium-half cells, the as-obtained TiO(2)-B material exhibits high and reversible lithium storage capacity of 270 mA h g(-1) at 1 C (340 mA g(-1)), excellent rate capability of 221 mA h g(-1) at 10 C, and long cycle life with over 70% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C. The superior electrochemical performance of TiO(2)-B material strongly correlates to the synergetic superiorities with a combination of TiO(2)-B polymorph, hierarchically porous structure, interconnected nanotubes and spherical morphology. Post-mortem structural analyses reveal some discrete cubic LiTiO(2) nanodots formed on the outer surfaces of TiO(2)-B nanotubes, which might account for the slight capacity loss upon prolonged electrochemical cycling

Three-Dimensional (3D) Bicontinuous Hierarchically Porous Mn<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> Single Crystals for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14686Bicontinuous hierarchically porous Mn?O? single crystals (BHP-Mn?O?-SCs) with uniform parallelepiped geometry and tunable sizes have been synthesized and used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The monodispersed BHP-Mn?O?-SCs exhibit high specific surface area and three dimensional interconnected bimodal mesoporosity throughout the entire crystal. Such hierarchical interpenetrating porous framework can not only provide a large number of active sites for Li ion insertion, but also good conductivity and short diffusion length for Li ions, leading to a high lithium storage capacity and enhanced rate capability. Furthermore, owing to their specific porosity, these BHP-Mn?O?-SCs as anode materials can accommodate the volume expansion/contraction that occurs with lithium insertion/extraction during discharge/charge processes, resulting in their good cycling performance. Our synthesized BHP-Mn?O?-SCs with a size of ~700?nm display the best electrochemical performance, with a large reversible capacity (845?mA h g?? at 100?mA g?? after 50 cycles), high coulombic efficiency (>95%), excellent cycling stability and superior rate capability (410?mA h g?? at 1?Ag??). These values are among the highest reported for Mn?O?-based bulk solids and nanostructures. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study demonstrates that the BHP-Mn?O?-SCs are suitable for charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface.This work was realized in the frame of a program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team (IRT1169) of the Chinese Ministry of Education. B. L. Su acknowledges the Chinese Central Government for an ?Expert of the State? position in the Program of the ?Thousand Talents?. Y. Li acknowledges Hubei Provincial Department of Education for the ?Chutian Scholar? program. T. Hasan acknowledges funding from a Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship and EPSRC IAA Grant (GRASS). This work is also financially supported by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20120143120019), This work is also financially supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2014CFB160) and Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of the SKLWUT (2015-ZD-7). We thank J.L. Xie, X.Q. Liu and T.T. Luo for TEM analysis from the Research and Test Center of Materials, Prof. L.Q. Mai for EIS analysis from WUT-Harvard Joint Nano Key Laboratory at Wuhan University of Technology

Engineering 3D bicontinuous hierarchically macro-mesoporous LiFePO₄/C nanocomposite for lithium storage with high rate capability and long cycle stability

A highly crystalline three dimensional (3D) bicontinuous hierarchically macro-mesoporous LiFePO(4)/C nanocomposite constructed by nanoparticles in the range of 50~100 nm via a rapid microwave assisted solvothermal process followed by carbon coating have been synthesized as cathode material for high performance lithium-ion batteries. The abundant 3D macropores allow better penetration of electrolyte to promote Li(+) diffusion, the mesopores provide more electrochemical reaction sites and the carbon layers outside LiFePO(4) nanoparticles increase the electrical conductivity, thus ultimately facilitating reverse reaction of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) and alleviating electrode polarization. In addition, the particle size in nanoscale can provide short diffusion lengths for the Li(+) intercalation-deintercalation. As a result, the 3D macro-mesoporous nanosized LiFePO(4)/C electrode exhibits excellent rate capability (129.1 mA h/g at 2 C; 110.9 mA h/g at 10 C) and cycling stability (87.2% capacity retention at 2 C after 1000 cycles, 76.3% at 5 C after 500 cycles and 87.8% at 10 C after 500 cycles, respectively), which are much better than many reported LiFePO(4)/C structures. Our demonstration here offers the opportunity to develop nanoscaled hierarchically porous LiFePO(4)/C structures for high performance lithium-ion batteries through microwave assisted solvothermal method

Метод расчета зависимости динамики доходов работников от уровня образования в Республике Беларусь

We report a study of the process e(+)e(-) -&gt; (D*(D) over bar*)(0)pi(0) using e(+)e(-) collision data samples with integrated luminosities of 1092 pb(-1) at root s = 4.23 GeV and 826 pb(-1) at root s = 4.26 GeV collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. We observe a new neutral structure near the (D*(D) over bar*)(0) mass threshold in the pi(0) recoil mass spectrum, which we denote as Z(c)(4025)(0). Assuming a Breit-Wigner line shape, its pole mass and pole width are determined to be (4025.5(-4.7)(+2.0) +/- 3.1) MeV/c(2) and (23.0 +/- 6.0 +/- 1.0) MeV, respectively. The Born cross sections of e(+)e(-) -&gt; Z(c)(4025)(0)pi(0) -&gt; (D*(D) over bar*)(0)pi(0) are measured to be (61.6 +/- 8.2 +/- 9.0) pb at root s = 4.23 GeV and (43.4 +/- 8.0 +/- 5.4) pb at root s = 4.26 GeV. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.Funding: The BESIII Collaboration thanks the staff of BEPCII and the IHEP computing center for their strong support. This work is supported in part by the National Key Basic Research Program of China under Contract No. 2015CB856700; the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Contracts No. 11125525, No. 11235011, No. 11275266, No. 11322544, No. 11335008, and No. 11425524; the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program; the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP); the Collaborative Innovation Center for Particles and Interactions (CICPI); the Joint Large-Scale Scientific Facility Funds of the NSFC and the CAS under Contracts No. 11179007, No. U1232201, and No. U1332201; the CAS under Contracts No. KJCX2-YW-N29 and No. KJCX2-YW-N45; the 100 Talents Program of the CAS; INPAC and the Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; German Research Foundation DFG under Contract No. Collaborative Research Center CRC-1044; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Development of Turkey under Contract No. DPT2006K-120470; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Contract No. 14-07-91152; the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-FG02-04ER41291, No. E-FG02-05ER41374, No. DE-FG02-94ER40823, and No. DESC0010118; the U.S. National Science Foundation; the University of Groningen (RuG) and the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Darmstadt; and the WCU Program of National Research Foundation of Korea under Contract No. R32-2008-000-10155-0.</p