Adding power of artificial intelligence to situational awareness of large interconnections dominated by inverter‐based resources

Large-scale power systems exhibit more complex dynamics due to the increasing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance the situational awareness capability for better monitoring and control of power grids dominated by IBRs. As a pioneering Wide-Area Measurement System, FNET/GridEye has developed and implemented various advanced applications based on the collected synchrophasor measurements to enhance the situational awareness capability of large-scale power grids. This study provides an overview of the latest progress of FNET/GridEye. The sensors, communication, and data servers are upgraded to handle ultra-high density synchrophasor and point-on-wave data to monitor system dynamics with more details. More importantly, several artificial intelligence (AI)-based advanced applications are introduced, including AI-based inertia estimation, AI-based disturbance size and location estimation, AI-based system stability assessment, and AI-based data authentication

Redox protein immobilization on electrodes

Die Modifizierung von Oberflächen zur Immobilisierung aktiver Moleküle ist entscheidend für die Anwendung in der Bioelektrokatalyse. Thioacetat funktionalisierte Redoxdendrimere dienen als Bausteine zur Herstellung von Hydrogelen über Quervernetzungen innerhalb der Matrix. Die monodisperse Größenverteilung der Dendrimere auf dem Elektrodenmaterial ermöglicht die Ausbildung besonders homogener Filme. Das Einbringen von Redoxenzymen durch physikalische Wechselwirkungen innerhalb der Dendrimermatrix bewirkt eine gute Reproduzierbarkeit der modifizierten Elektroden. Eine weitere, sehr verbreitete Strategie Oberflächen zu manipulieren, ist die Bildung von Au-C Bindungen durch die Reduktion von aryldiazonium-basierten Salzen auf Goldoberflächen, welche eine höhere Stabilität aufweisen als Au-S Bindungen. Die kovalente Au-C Bindung konnte mit Hilfe von Isotopen-markierter organischer Filme auf Goldnanopartikel mittels $^{13}$C-NMR Festkörperspektroskopie nachgewiesen werden.Surface modification for the immobilization of active molecules are central in bioelectrocatalytic applications. Thioacetate terminated redox dendrimers serve as nanoscale building blocks which are crosslinked through disulfide bridges to form the hydrogel matrix. The monodisperse size distribution of the dendrimers result in highly homogeneous film thicknesses. Reproducible enzyme electrodes are assembled by physical entrapment of redox enzymes within the dendrimer matrix. Another widely used surface modification strategy, Au-C bonds formed through aryl diazonium salt reduction on Au surfaces, is significantly more stable than linkage with Au-S bonds. The evidence for Au-C covalent bond was exhibited by solid-state $^{13}$C NMR spectroscopy of isotopically labelled organic films on Au nanoparticles

Complete Protection of O 2 -Sensitive Catalysts in Thin Films

International audienceEnergy conversion schemes involving dihydrogen hold great potential for meeting sustainable energy needs, but widespread implementation cannot proceed without solutions that mitigate the cost of rare metal catalysts and the O 2 instability of biological and bioinspired replacements. Recently, thick films (>100 μm) of redox polymers were shown to prevent O 2 catalyst damage but also resulted in unnecessary catalyst load and mass transport limitations. Here we apply novel homogeneous thin films (down to 3 μm) that provide protection from O 2 while achieving highly efficient catalyst utilization. Our empirical data are explained by modeling, demonstrating that resistance to O 2 inactivation can be obtained for nonlimiting periods of time when the optimal thickness for catalyst utilization and current generation is achieved, even when using highly fragile catalysts such as the enzyme hydrogenase. We show that different protection mechanisms operate depending on the matrix dimensions and the intrinsic catalyst properties and can be integrated together synergistically to achieve stable H 2 oxidation currents in the presence of O 2 , potentially enabling a plethora of practical applications for bioinspired catalysts under harsh oxidative conditions

Analyses of lncRNA and mRNA profiles in recurrent atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Catheter ablation has become a crucial treatment for AF. However, there is a possibility of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. Our study sought to elucidate the role of lncRNA‒mRNA regulatory networks in late AF recurrence after catheter ablation. Methods We conducted RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptomes of 5 samples from the presence of recurrence after AF ablation (P-RAF) and 5 samples from the absence of recurrence after AF ablation (A-RAF). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and long noncoding RNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were analyzed using the DESeq2 R package. The functional correlations of the DEGs were assessed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. A protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape. We also established a lncRNA‒mRNA regulatory network between DE-lncRNAs and DEGs using BEDTools v2.1.2 software and the Pearson correlation coefficient method. To validate the high-throughput sequencing results of the hub genes, we conducted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) experiments. Results A total of 28,528 mRNAs and 42,333 lncRNAs were detected. A total of 96 DEGs and 203 DE-lncRNAs were identified between the two groups. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in the biological processes (BPs) of “regulation of immune response” and “regulation of immune system process”, the cellular components (CCs) of “extracellular matrix” and “cell‒cell junction”, and the molecular functions (MFs) of “signaling adaptor activity” and “protein–macromolecule adaptor activity”. According to the KEGG analysis, the DEGs were associated with the “PI3K–Akt signaling pathway” and “MAPK signaling pathway.” Nine hub genes (MMP9, IGF2, FGFR1, HSPG2, GZMB, PEG10, GNLY, COL6A1, and KCNE3) were identified through the PPI network. lncRNA-TMEM51-AS1-201 was identified as a core regulator in the lncRNA‒mRNA regulatory network, suggesting its potential impact on the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation through the regulation of COL6A1, FGFR1, HSPG2, and IGF2. Conclusions The recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation may be associated with immune responses and fibrosis, with the extracellular matrix playing a crucial role. TMEM51-AS1-201 has been identified as a potential key target for AF recurrence after catheter ablation

Analysis on the evolution trend of water resources and water environment in Xiangjiang River basin

According to the daily flow data collected by three representative hydrological stations in the Xiangjiang River basin which are the Guiyang station in the upstream section, the Hengshan station in the midstream section, and the Xiangtan station in the downstream section, and the water environment data collected from the Hunan Water Resources Bulletin, Mann-Kendal method was used to analyze the changes of the annual average flow of the Xiangjiang River basin in the past 20 years as well as the variation of water environment quality in the whole year, flood season and non-flood season. Based on these analysis, the evolution trend of water resources and water environment in the Xiangjiang River basin is further forecasted. The results show that the annual runoff of the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River basin tends to be stable, and the runoff of the middle and lower reaches is decreasing. The water quality of the Xiangjiang River basin got deteriorated from 1996 to 2010. A sudden change occurred around 2012, and the water quality of the basin gradually improved