13 research outputs found
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Generalized Karhunen-Loeve Transform
We present a novel generic tool for data compression and filtering: the generalized Karhunen-Loeve(GKL) transform. The GKL transform minimizes a distance between any given reference and a transformation of some given data where the transform has a predetermined maximum possible rank. The GKL transform is also a generalization of the relative Karhunen-Loeve (RKL) transform by Yamashita and Ogawa (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.44, p.661-72, Mar. 1996) where the latter assumes that the given data consist of the given reference (signal) and an independent noise. This letter provides a very simple and yet complete description of the GKL transform and shows useful engineering insights into the GKL transform
Recommended from our members
Generalized Karhunen-Loeve Transform
We present a novel generic tool for data compression and filtering: the generalized Karhunen-Loeve(GKL) transform. The GKL transform minimizes a distance between any given reference and a transformation of some given data where the transform has a predetermined maximum possible rank. The GKL transform is also a generalization of the relative Karhunen-Loeve (RKL) transform by Yamashita and Ogawa (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.44, p.661-72, Mar. 1996) where the latter assumes that the given data consist of the given reference (signal) and an independent noise. This letter provides a very simple and yet complete description of the GKL transform and shows useful engineering insights into the GKL transform
Application of DNA-based diagnostics in detection of schistosomal DNA in early infection and after drug treatment
Abstract Background Research is now focused on identification of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for early identification of schistosomal infection and evaluation of chemotherapy in field situations in China. Results This study compared loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with conventional PCR as DNA-based diagnostic techniques for the early detection of schistosomal DNA and the evaluation of chemotherapy. The results showed that both PCR and LAMP assays targeting a 301 base pair (bp) sequence of the highly repetitive retrotransposon, SjR2, amplified DNA from schistosomes but were unable to distinguish between schistosome species. LAMP and conventional PCR were shown to amplify the target sequence of the SjR2-pCR2.1 recombinant plasmid template with limits of detection of 10-4 ng and 10-2 ng, respectively, thus demonstrating the superior sensitivity of the LAMP method. Schistosoma japonicum DNA was detected in all serum samples obtained from the three experimental groups at 1 week post-infection by LAMP assay, while the rate of detection by conventional PCR ranged from 50% to 66%. The potential application of PCR and LAMP assays for the evaluation of artesunate and praziquantel chemotherapy was investigated. PCR was shown to be less sensitive for detection of schistosomal DNA in drug-treated rabbit sera than the LAMP method. Conclusions The data presented here indicate that LAMP is suitable for the detection of early infection in the groups primarily infected with Schistosoma japonicum, such as migrants, travellers, military personnel and the younger age groups. However, it is less suitable for evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy in the early stages because of its high sensitivity.</p
Testing of serum samples from patients infected with schistosome or other parasites and healthy donors by FA-ELISA, SEA-ELISA, and S-ELISA.
*<p>Cases diagnosed by stool examination (100% positive).</p
Comparison between FA-DIGFA and SEA-DIGFA for testing sera from patients infected with schistosome and other parasites.
*<p>Cases diagnosed by stool examination (100% positive).</p
Monitoring the disappearance of schistosome specific antibodies using FA-ELISA and SEA-ELISA.
*<p>Cases diagnosed by stool examination (100% positive).</p>**<p>Stool examination 100% negative by Month12 following treatment.</p
Comparison of 16 different diagnostic systems for schistosomiasis japonica.
*<p><b>ELISA1, 2, 3</b> for detection of schistosome antigens with monoclonal antibodies; <b>ELISA 4, 5, 6, 7, 8</b> for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies with crude schistosome antigens except <b>ELISA 5</b> which used the 107–121 kDa fraction antigens; <b>IHA</b> for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies with crude schistosome antigens; <b>LA</b> (latex agglutination) for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies with crude schistosome antigens <b>DIGFA</b> for detection of anti-schistosome antibodies with crude schistosome antigens.</p><p><b>ELISA 3</b> and <b>IHA 5</b> were not scored due to certain technical errors during the test.</p