Numerical solutions of neutral stochastic functional differential equations with Markovian switching

Abstract Until now, the theories about the convergence analysis, the almost surely and mean square exponential stability of the numerical solution for neutral stochastic functional differential equations with Markovian switching (NSFDEwMSs) have been well established, but there are very few research works concentrating on the stability in distribution of numerical solution. This paper will pay attention to the stability in distribution of numerical solution of NSFDEwMSs. The strong mean square convergence analysis is also discussed

Sediment transport trend and its influencing factors in coastal bedrock island sea areas-a case study of Chudao island, China

Coastal bedrock islands sea areas have a unique natural environment, frequent human activities, and complex sedimentary dynamic processes. In this paper, we select the Chudao Island sea area off the coast of Shandong Peninsula, China, as a typical research area to investigate the sediment transport trends and influencing factors by means of high-precision bathymetric survey, high-density sediment sampling, grain-size trend analysis and hydrodynamic numerical modeling. Results and analysis indicate that the grain size parameters including mean grain-size, sorting coefficient and skewness are zonal distributed, roughly parallel to the isobaths. While the overall sediment transport trend is from island shore to sea, with several convergence centers near the loop centers of bottom flow and at the edge of the agriculture area. The near-bottom flow velocity is primary factor that controlling the significance of sediment transport trend, while the flow decides the general patterns of sediment transport trend and sediment distribution. Submarine topography can either directly transport sediments down its slope, or indirectly affect the direction of sediment transport by constraining the near-bottom flow from shallow to deep waters. Besides the natural factors of bottom flow and submarine topography, human activities represented by aquaculture also affect the sediment transport trend in coastal bedrock island sea areas. First, the increased sedimentation rate caused by organic matters and the diffusion of scallop fragments may cause sediment coarsening. Second, the artificial aquaculture facilities can reduce flow velocity and therefore hinder the initiation, suspension and transport of sediment near the aquaculture areas. Our methods and findings provide high-resolution details to insight into the sediment transport trends to improve the understanding of the modern sediment dynamics in small-scale coastal bedrock island sea areas and provide reference for corresponding engineering and agriculture activities

Ash chemistry in chemical looping process for biomass valorization : A review

Chemical looping process (CLP) is a novel carbon capture technology for biomass valorization. Low-cost and robust oxygen carrier (OC) is crucial for industrialization of CLP. However, ash in solid fuels will unavoidably deposit on OC and even react with OC, leading to severe agglomeration and sintering which could not only degrade the full functionality of OC but also make the complete separation of ash and OC challenging. In order to holistically elucidate the ash chemistry in CLP, this review has systematically analyzed the effect of ash compositions in biomass on CLP efficiency, the impact of ash components on physicochemical properties and oxygen transfer capacity of OC, as well as the melting and agglomeration behaviors of ash components. Specifically, both inhibition and enhancement effects of various ash components have been illustrated. Particularly, the influence of alkali and alkaline earth metals in biomass ash on agglomeration of OC has been analyzed in detail. Four mechanisms are summarized to explain the agglomeration and melting process, including coating-induced, melting-induced, ash deposition-melting, the layer joint and bridge joint mechanisms. Ultimately, strategies are proposed to effectively mitigate adverse impacts of ash and recycle useful metals for industry use and re-synthesis of OC. To promote future development of CLP, perspectives are provided to guide the novel design of next generation OC in terms of structural and compositional optimization.Peer reviewe

DNA-based ForceChrono Probes for Deciphering Single-Molecule Force Dynamics in Living Cells.zip

Raw data files for the publication "DNA-based ForceChrono Probes for Deciphering Single-Molecule Force Dynamics in Living Cells".1. Because the single molecule data of each cell is too large, only corresponding statistics and representative pictures are provided in the uploaded data.2. The Figure data is mostly provided in tif format, but due to the variety of experimental instruments, there are also some data in special formats directly exported by the instrument, such as AFM and WB imaging. These data can be opened with the offline software of the corresponding instrument or Fiji.3. If you have any questions, please contact us.</p

Lie Symmetry Analysis, Exact Solutions, and Conservation Laws of Variable-Coefficients Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli Equation

In this article, we study the generalized (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficients Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli (vcBLP) equation. Using Lie’s invariance infinitesimal criterion, equivalence transformations and differential invariants are derived. Applying differential invariants to construct an explicit transformation that makes vcBLP transform to the constant coefficient form, then transform to the well-known Burgers equation. The infinitesimal generators of vcBLP are obtained using the Lie group method; then, the optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras is determined. According to the optimal system, the (1+1)-dimensional reduced partial differential equations (PDEs) are obtained by similarity reductions. Through G′/G-expansion method leads to exact solutions of vcBLP and plots the corresponding 3-dimensional figures. Subsequently, the conservation laws of vcBLP are determined using the multiplier method

Recent Advances in Manganese-Based Materials for Electrolytic Water Splitting

Developing earth-abundant and highly effective electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic water splitting is a prerequisite for the upcoming hydrogen energy society. Recently, manganese-based materials have been one of the most promising candidates to replace noble metal catalysts due to their natural abundance, low cost, adjustable electronic properties, and excellent chemical stability. Although some achievements have been made in the past decades, their performance is still far lower than that of Pt. Therefore, further research is needed to improve the performance of manganese-based catalytic materials. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the application of manganese-based materials as catalysts for electrolytic water splitting. We first introduce the mechanism of electrocatalytic water decomposition using a manganese-based electrocatalyst. We then thoroughly discuss the optimization strategy used to enhance the catalytic activity of manganese-based electrocatalysts, including doping and defect engineering, interface engineering, and phase engineering. Finally, we present several future design opportunities for highly efficient manganese-based electrocatalysts