Some properties on GG-evaluation and its applications to GG-martingale decomposition

In this article, a sublinear expectation induced by $G$-expectation is introduced, which is called $G$-evaluation for convenience. As an application, we prove that any $\xi\in L^\beta_G(\Omega_T)$ with some $\beta>1$ the decomposition theorem holds and any $\beta>1$ integrable symmetric $G$-martingale can be represented as an It$\hat{o}'s$ integral w.r.t $G$-Brownian motion. As a byproduct, we prove a regular property for $G$-martingale: Any $G$-martingale $\{M_t\}$ has a quasi-continuous versionComment: 22 page

Modeling Spare Parts Demands Forecast under Two-Dimensional Preventive Maintenance Policy

In maintenance practice, there is such a situation where the spare parts replacement should be carried out at the scheduling time of calendar or usage for whichever comes first. The issue of two-dimensional preventive maintenance usually was not addressed by traditional methods, and at present, few studies were focused on this very topic. Based on these considerations, this paper presented the two-dimensional preventive policy where replacements of spare parts are based on both calendar time and usage time. A novel model was developed to forecast spare parts demands under two-dimensional preventive maintenance policy, and a discrete algorithm was presented for solving the mathematical model. A case study was given to demonstrate its applicability and validity, and it was showed that the presented model can be used to forecast spare parts demands as well as to optimize spare parts and preventive maintenance jointly

High-performance Self-lubricating Ceramic Composites with Laminated-graded Structure

High-performance ceramic composites are potential candidates for the application of wear-resistance components because of their excellent properties. Nevertheless, many problems, such as high friction coefficient of ceramic material and poor mechanical properties of ceramic-matrix self-lubricating composites, limit a wider range of applications of these composites in tribological areas. Therefore, improving high-toughness ceramic-matrix self-lubricating materials for practical applications is significant. This study proposes a new design for ceramic self-lubricating composites to overcome the conflict between their mechanical and tribological properties. Complying with the design principle of bionic and graded composites, two kinds of self-lubricating ceramic composites with laminated-graded structure were prepared, and their mechanical and tribological properties were studied. The results show that this newly developed ceramic composite has achieved satisfactory strength and tribological properties compared with the traditional ceramic self-lubricating composites. The bending strength reached the same level as the properties of general monolithic ceramics. In the temperature range of 25-800 °C, the friction coefficient of composites was less than 0.55, which was about half of that of monolithic ceramics

Genome-Wide Profiling of Circular RNAs in the Rapidly Growing Shoots of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).

Circular RNAs, including circular exonic RNAs (circRNA), circular intronic RNAs (ciRNA) and exon-intron circRNAs (EIciRNAs), are a new type of noncoding RNAs. Growing shoots of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) represent an excellent model of fast growth and their circular RNAs have not been studied yet. To understand the potential regulation of circular RNAs, we systematically characterized circular RNAs from eight different developmental stages of rapidly growing shoots. Here, we identified 895 circular RNAs including a subset of mutually inclusive circRNA. These circular RNAs were generated from 759 corresponding parental coding genes involved in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin biosynthetic process. Gene co-expression analysis revealed that hub genes, such as DEFECTIVE IN RNA-DIRECTED DNA METHYLATION 1 (DRD1), MAINTENANCE OF METHYLATION (MOM), dicer-like 3 (DCL3) and ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1), were significantly enriched giving rise to circular RNAs. The expression level of these circular RNAs presented correlation with its linear counterpart according to transcriptome sequencing. Further protoplast transformation experiments indicated that overexpressing circ-bHLH93 generating from transcription factor decreased its linear transcript. Finally, the expression profiles suggested that circular RNAs may have interplay with miRNAs to regulate their cognate linear mRNAs, which was further supported by overexpressing miRNA156 decreasing the transcript of circ-TRF-1 and linear transcripts of TRF-1. Taken together, the overall profile of circular RNAs provided new insight into an unexplored category of long noncoding RNA regulation in moso bamboo