Robust Allocation of Reserve Policies for a Multiple-Cell Based Power System

This paper applies a robust optimization technique for coordinating reserve allocations in multiple-cell based power systems. The linear decision rules (LDR)-based policies were implemented to achieve the reserve robustness, and consist of a nominal power schedule with a series of linear modifications. The LDR method can effectively adapt the participation factors of reserve providers to respond to system imbalance signals. The policies considered the covariance of historic system imbalance signals to reduce the overall reserve cost. When applying this method to the cell-based power system for a certain horizon, the influence of different time resolutions on policy-making is also investigated, which presents guidance for its practical application. The main results illustrate that: (a) the LDR-based method shows better performance, by producing smaller reserve costs compared to the costs given by a reference method; and (b) the cost index decreases with increased time intervals, however, longer intervals might result in insufficient reserves, due to low time resolution. On the other hand, shorter time intervals require heavy computational time. Thus, it is important to choose a proper time interval in real time operation to make a trade off

The analysis on China\u27s higher environmental education (Analisis Pendidikan Tinggi Lingkungan Cina)

ABSTRAK This. paper analyses China\u27s higher environmental education systematically, reviews its structure, evaluates its shortcomings, takes Tsinghua University as a case study and introduces the process of greening the campus in Tsinghua University. Key words: sustainable developmenthigher environmental educationprofessional environmental educationnon-professional environmental educationadult higher environmental education

Chemokines as Potential Biomarkers for PTSD in Military Population

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental health concern worldwide among civilians and military personnel. Gaps in our understanding of its biological basis create significant obstacles for accurate diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic interventions. In light of this, investigation of biological factors associated with possible molecular cues of inflammation or neuroimmune disorders, could provide new surrogate markers for PTSD or PTSD treatment response. Analyses to date in deployed military personnel have suggested that sets of chemokines may be useful as biomarkers for PTSD acquired in military operations. Specifically, studies to date suggest that CCL2, CCL15, CCL22, CCL25, CXCL2, and CXCL12 are associated with PTSD onset, while CCL13, CCL20, and CXCL6 are correlated to PTSD risk; CX3CL1 are associated with resilience; CCL3; CXCL11, and CXCL16 are associated with stress response. CCL11, CCL13, CCL20, and CCL25 are correlated with the severity of PTSD symptoms. This chapter reviews the current understanding of potential chemokine markers for PTSD, and the potential chemokines associated with PTSD onset, risk, resilience, as well as stress responses in service members. Although the proposed biomarkers require further validation, these findings may lead to additional knowledge for the education and development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PTSD, not only benefiting military personnel, but civilians as well

THE DETERMINNATION OF RESIDUAL STRESS OF GEAR TOOTH ROOT BASED ON X-RAY TECHNOLOGY

Transverse residual stress of tooth root has significant influence on bending fatigue strength of gears.But given the geometry of gears,using the method of exposing teeth root to complete determination of transverse residual stress at present,it not only destroys the original stress state of material surface,but conflicts with the concept of residual stress measurement by Xray nondestructive.so in order to do not cut gears,which can also more accurately measure transverse residual stress of the gear tooth root,in this paper,through combining with the theoretical analysis and experimental verification method,the relationship of transverse and longitudinal residual stress of the gear tooth root is derived.With the known of Bragg Angle of free stress— θ0,the transverse residual stress of Gear tooth root can be calculated by the size of the longitudinal residual stress through the X-ray method measured,so it is convenient to measure the transverse residual stress of gear tooth root

On the Location of Multiple Failure Slip Surfaces in Slope Stability Problems Using the Meshless SPH Algorithm

The occurrence of multiple critical slip surfaces with equal importance in rehabilitating and reinforcing slopes has been frequently observed in geotechnical engineering practices. The simultaneous determination of these potential slip surfaces is, however, not trivial. This paper presents a methodology based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach, which can simultaneously determine multiple failure slip surfaces and the debris flow process without previous knowledge or trial-and-error processes, and this methodology is validated against a slope with the presence of multiple critical slip surfaces. The proposed methodology serves as an efficient and effective alternative approach to traditional approaches, which involve cumbersome treatments performed by engineers based on their subjective experiences. The multiple sources of failure slip surfaces in slope stability are equivalent to multiple sources of initiation of slope failure, and it is found that SPH can provide a direct and systematic tool for identifying multiple failure slip surfaces. However, some minor potential problems are also found with the use of the SPH method in actual applications

Fluorluanshiweiite, KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2, a New Mineral of the Mica Group from the Nanyangshan LCT Pegmatite Deposit, North Qinling Orogen, China

A new mineral species of the mica group, fluorluanshiweiite, ideally KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2, has been found in the Nanyangshan LCT (Li, Cs, Ta) pegmatite deposit in North Qinling Orogen (NQO), central China. Fluorluanshiweiite can be regarded as the F-dominant analogue at the A site of luanshiweiite or the K-dominant analogue at the I site of voloshinite. It appears mostly in cookeite as a flaky residue, replaced by Cs-rich mica, or in the form of scale aggregates. Most individual grains are <1 mm in size, with the largest being ca. 1 cm, and the periphery is replaced by cookeite. No twinning is observed. The mineral is silvery white as a hand specimen, and in a thin section, it appears grayish-white to colorless, transparent with white streaks, with vitreous luster and pearliness on cleavage faces. It is flexible with micaceous fracture; the Mohs hardness is approximately 3; the cleavage is perfect on {001}; and no parting is observed. The measured and calculated densities are 2.94(3) and 2.898 g/cm3, respectively. Optically, fluorluanshiweiite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.554(1), β = 1.581(1), γ = 1.583(1) (white light), 2V(meas.) = 25° to 35°, 2V(calc.) = 30.05°. The calculated compatibility index based on the empirical formula is −0.014 (superior). An electron microprobe analysis yields the empirical formula calculated based on 10 O atoms and 2 additional anions of (K0.85Rb0.12Cs0.02Na0.03)Σ1.02[Li1.05Al1.44(□0.47Fe0.01Mn0.02)Σ0.5] Σ2.99(Si3.55Al0.45) Σ4O10F2, which can be simplified to KLiAl1.5□0.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2. Fluorluanshiweiite is monoclinic with the space group C2/m and unit cell parameters a = 5.2030(5), b = 8.9894(6), c = 10.1253(9) Å, β = 100.68(1)°, and V = 465.37(7) Å3. The strongest eight lines in the X-ray diffraction data are [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.427(25) (001), 4.519(57) (020), 4.121(25) (021), 3.628(61) (112), 3.350(60) (022), 3.091(46) (112), 2.586(100) (130), and 1.506(45) (312)

Dysregulated mitochondria-focused genes in US military service members with PTSD

Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder with functional and structural changes in the brain that may result from mitochondria-centered responses to harmful stresses. PTSD is an ongoing issue in the military. However, at present, there is no biological tool for PTSD diagnosis. Diagnosis for PTSD is established on the basis of clinical history and mental status examination, using a clinically structured interview based on a symptom checklist or patient self-report. It is often under-diagnosis. The clinical assessment would benefit substantially from a more objective means to identify PTSD patients. Here, we present evidence that there are significant differences of expression profiles of mitochondria-focused gene in the blood between PTSD and non-PTSD control US military service members. Methods: Using a mitochondria-focused gene cDNA array, we examined the expression profiles of 1170 mitochondria-focused genes across samples from subjects with (n=28) or without (n=31) probable PTSD who were active duty US Army Special Operations soldiers deployed to the Iraq and/or Afghanistan war and who were evaluated for probable current PTSD using the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Using the analytical approach of unsupervised pattern recognition with algorithmic basis of clustering, 10 clusters or pathways were revealed from the mitochondria-focused gene microarray data. Results: Significance tests demonstrated different expression levels in 26 genes between PTSD and non-PTSD controls. A relationship analysis found that among the 26 genes, the expression levels of five genes were significantly correlated with the total PCL score in the PTSD subjects. Conclusion: The expression of mitochondria-focused gene fingerprints and dysregulated genes in the blood of PTSD patients warrants a large size study to determine their clinical utility in military population

Synthesis and Identification of New Flavonoids Targeting Liver X Receptor β Involved Pathway as Potential Facilitators of Aβ Clearance with Reduced Lipid Accumulation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with impaired Aβ degradation in the brain. Enhancing the process of Aβ clearance is an attractive potential AD therapy. Treatment with LXR agonists may reduce Aβ levels in vivo. However, the clinical potential of many LXR agonists is limited because of their nonselective actions on LXRα/β, which lead to undesired hepatic lipogenesis via LXRα-dependent pathways. In this study, ABCA1 up-regulators were identified from a series of flavonoids and were found to preferentially activate LXRβ and up-regulate expression of ABCA1 and apoE in different cell lines. Further investigations confirmed that these compounds facilitate intracellular Aβ clearance in Aβ-loaded BV2 cells. Administration of compound <b>19</b> reduced total brain Aβ and plaque burden in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, associated with elevated ABCA1 and apoE expression. Compared with the nonselective LXR agonists, the active compounds reported here induced less accumulation of undesired lipids and triglycerides in HepG2 cells