Measurement of the Usage of Web Clips in Underground Economy

In this paper, we study the ecosystem of the abused Web Clips in underground economy. Through this study, we find the Web Clips is wildly used by perpetrators to penetrate iOS devices to gain profit. This work starts with 1,800 user complaint documents about cyber crimes over Web Clips. We firstly look into the ecosystem of abused Web Clips and point out the main participants and workflow. In addition, what is the Web Clips used for is demystified. Then the main participants, including creators, distributors, and operators are deeply studied based on our dataset. We try to reveal the prominent features of the illicit Web Clips and give some mitigation measures. Analysis reveals that 1) SSL certificate is overwhelmingly preferred for signing Web Clips instances compared with certificate issued by Apple. The wildly used SSL certificates can be aggregated into a limited group. 2) The content of the abused Web Clips falls into a few categories, `Gambling', `Fraud', and `Pornography' are among the top categories. 3) Instant messenger (IM) and live streaming platform are the most popular medium to trick victims into deploying the Web Clips. 4) The Web Clips are operated by a small amount of perpetrators, and the perpetrators tend to evade detection by taking technical approach, such as registering domain names through oversea domain name service provider, preferring easy-to-acquire new gTLD (global Top Level Domain), and deploying anti-crawler tricks. Our study gives hints on investigation of cyber crime over Web Clips, we hope that this work can help stakeholders to stay ahead of the threat

Effect of Esketamine on Hypotension in Women With Preoperative Anxiety Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

To investigate the effect of low-doses esketamine on spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in women with preoperative anxiety undergoing elective cesarean section, the randomized controlled trial enrolled 120 women aged 18-35 years who preoperative State-Trait Anxiety Inventory State scores \u3e 40, conducted from September 2022 to August 2023 in Xuzhou Central Hospital, China. Women in the esketamine group received a single intravenous injection of 0.2 mg/kg esketamine after sensory block level achieved. The incidence of hypotension in the esketamine group was significantly lower than the control group at T2 (10% [6 of 60]; P \u3c 0.001), T3 (5.0% [3 of 60]; P = 0.007) and T4(5.0% [3 of 60]; P = 0.004). Despite being higher in the esketamine group, the overall rates of hypertension (11.7% [7 of 60]; P = 0.186), tachycardia (23.3% [14 of 60]; P = 0.246), and bradycardia (0.0% [0 of 60]; P = 0.079) were no significantly difference between the two groups. STAI-S scores was significantly lower in the esketamine group (mean [SD] 37.52[7.14]) than in the control group (mean [SD] 41.03[9.66], P = 0.39) in postoperative day 1. Spinal anesthesia combined with intravenous low-doses esketamine infusion can significantly reduce the incidence of hypotension in women with preoperative anxiety undergoing elective cesarean section

Inkjet-printed CMOS-integrated graphene–metal oxide sensors for breath analysis

Abstract: Early diagnosis in exhaled breath is a key technology for next-generation personal healthcare monitoring. Current chemiresistive sensors, primarily based on metal oxide (MOx) thin films, have limited applicability in such portable systems due to their high power consumption, long recovery time, poor device-to-device consistency, and baseline drifts. To address these challenges for ammonia (NH3) detection in exhaled breath, a critical biomarker for a variety of kidney and liver problems, we present a formulation of a graphene–MOx functional ink-based sensing platform. We integrate our sensing layer directly onto miniaturized CMOS microhotplates (μHP) via inkjet printing, potentially enabling scalability and device-to-device performance repeatability. Using stage-by-stage temporal analysis, and a temperature-pulsed modulation (TM) strategy, we achieve ultrahigh responsivity (1500% at 10 ppm pure NH3), fast response and recovery time (28 and 43 s), ultralow power consumption (~6 mW), negligible baseline drift (<0.67%), excellent cross-device and cross-cycle consistency (<0.5% and <0.41% variation in responsivity) and long-term stability (<1% variation) in our graphene–zinc oxide (ZnO) formulation, outperforming conventional MOx chemiresistive sensors. We further mitigate the effect of humidity through our measurement protocols, while interference from acetone is compensated through the parallel deployment of an additional inkjet printed graphene–tungsten oxide (WO3) device as part of the sensor array. Our dual graphene–MOx formulations and their integration with ultralow power CMOS through inkjet printing represent a significant step towards reliable and portable multi-analyte breath diagnostics

Relationship between polymorphic interaction of glutamate pathway genes and anhedonia

Objective·To explore the association between gene-gene interaction of glutamate pathway and anhedonia.Methods·A total of 279 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 236 patients with major depression disorder (MDD) recruited in the outpatient department and ward of Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and 236 healthy controls (HC) recruited in the community from January 2017 to August 2020 were included in the study. General demographic data and clinical characteristics of the three groups were collected and compared. The Chinese version of Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) was used to evaluate the pleasure experience ability of the three groups. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method was used to establish the interaction model of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in glutamate pathway genes (NOS1AP, GSK3β, DAOA, DISC1 and GRIN2A). According to the interaction model, SZ and MDD patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group, and the differences in pleasure experience ability were compared between the two groups, so as to analyze the effect of gene-gene interaction on anhedonia.Results·There were significant differences in age and years of education among the three groups, and in age of onset and duration of illness between SZ and MDD groups (all P=0.000). There were significant differences among the three groups of participants in terms of overall pleasure experience, anticipatory pleasure experience and consummatory pleasure experience (all P=0.000); the overall pleasure experience, anticipatory pleasure experience and consummatory pleasure experience in the SZ and MDD group were lower than those in the HC group (all Pcorr=0.000), and there was marginal statistical difference in anticipatory pleasure experience between the SZ and MDD groups (Pcorr=0.051). Through GMDR modeling, it was found that the 2-loci interaction model composed of DAOA-rs3916965 and DISC1-rs821577 had a predictive effect on the overall pleasure experience ability of SZ patients (P=0.003), and the 2-loci interaction model composed of NOS1AP-rs1858232 and GRIN2A-rs1014531 had a predictive effect on the anticipatory pleasure experience ability of MDD patients (P=0.037); moreover, the overall pleasure experience ability of patients in the SZ high-risk group and anticipatory pleasure experience ability of patients in MDD high-risk groups were lower than those in their low-risk groups (t=3.443, P=0.000; t=3.471, P=0.001).Conclusion·The interaction of glutamate pathway gene polymorphisms may be involved in the occurrence of anhedonia

中国人日本語専攻生の学術コミュニティへの参加過程の分析 : 中国の大学から日本の大学院へ

華中科技大学一橋大学大学院 博士課程一橋大学大学院 博士課程一橋大学大学院 博士課程Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPh.D. Student, Hitotsubashi UniversityPh.D. Student, Hitotsubashi UniversityPh.D. Student, Hitotsubashi University本稿では，中国から来日した一人の日本語専攻生Iさんを対象に，彼女が来日前及び来日後に参加した複数のコミュニティへの参加過程を分析した。調査はIさんに対して一年半に渡り，5回の半構造化インタビューを行い，そのデータをSCAT（Steps for Coding and Theorization）を用いて分析した。分析の結果，中国の大学の日本語授業とゼミ，日本の大学（院）の授業とゼミ，また，より大きな研究者コミュニティや学術コミュニティに参加することを通して，Iさんは学術コミュニティへの参加姿勢が能動的になったことが確認された。分析の結果に基づき，筆者らは学術コミュニティ間の移動が中国人日本語専攻生に何をもたらしたのかをアイデンティティ変容の側面から考察した。その結果，中国人日本語専攻生の持つ固有のアイデンティティに加え，日本語学習者と日本語使用者が統合された「日本語話者」，さらに大学院に進学することによるキャリア転換がもたらす「〇〇専門家」という多層なアイデンティティの獲得があったことが分かった。最後に，本調査結果を踏まえた日本語教育への提言として，「学習者と接する際の見方の転換」，「キャリア形成を踏まえた上での日本語教育」，及び「学びの実感を生み出す授業の工夫」という三つを指摘した。The subject of this study is Ms. I, a Chinese-born Japanese-language graduate in Japan. We analyzed her participation process in multiple communities before and after arriving in Japan. The survey was conducted over the course of 1.5 years and involved 5 semi-structured interviews with Ms. I. We analyzed the interview data using the Steps for Coding and Theorization (SCAT). The results of the analysis showed that Ms. I\u27s participation in Japanese-language classes and seminars at her Chinese university, in classes and seminars at her Japanese university (graduate school), as well as in a wider community of researchers and the academic community, allowed her approach to participation to become more active and her identity to become more multi-layered. It then appears that her movement between the multiple communities transformed her Japanese from a learning content to a tool for participation. Moreover, it was suggested that her identity changed from that of a Japanese learner to that of a Japanese user and that her career movement from Japanese-major student to 〇〇 expert facilitated the formation of a new identity. Lastly, we pointed out a “change of the angle of observation on the Japanese learners,” “Japanese-language education as a foundation of career development,” and “classroom techniques to create student awareness of their own learning” as three suggestions for Japanese-language education

The Chinese Open Science Network (COSN): Building an Open Science Community From Scratch

Open Science is becoming a mainstream scientific ideology in psychology and related fields. However, researchers, especially early-career researchers (ECRs) in developing countries, are facing significant hurdles in engaging in Open Science and moving it forward. In China, various societal and cultural factors discourage ECRs from participating in Open Science, such as the lack of dedicated communication channels and the norm of modesty. To make the voice of Open Science heard by Chinese-speaking ECRs and scholars at large, the Chinese Open Science Network (COSN) was initiated in 2016. With its core values being grassroots-oriented, diversity, and inclusivity, COSN has grown from a small Open Science interest group to a recognized network both in the Chinese-speaking research community and the international Open Science community. So far, COSN has organized three in-person workshops, 12 tutorials, 48 talks, and 55 journal club sessions and translated 15 Open Science-related articles and blogs from English to Chinese. Currently, the main social media account of COSN (i.e., the WeChat Official Account) has more than 23,000 subscribers, and more than 1,000 researchers/students actively participate in the discussions on Open Science. In this article, we share our experience in building such a network to encourage ECRs in developing countries to start their own Open Science initiatives and engage in the global Open Science movement. We foresee great collaborative efforts of COSN together with all other local and international networks to further accelerate the Open Science movement

Visual motion sensitivity as an indicator of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectivesThis current study is based on a set of visual motion sensitivity tests, investigating the correlation between visual motion sensitivity and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), thereby furnishing a scientific rationale for preventing and controlling DR.MethodsThis research was conducted by a combination of questionnaire collection and on-site investigation that involved 542 T2DM recruited from a community. The visual motion sensitivity determined the visual motion perception of the participants across three spatial frequencies (low, medium, and high) for both the first- and second-order contrast. The logistic regression model was adopted to investigate the relationship between visual motion sensitivity and DR prevalence. Besides, the Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing visual motion sensitivity and restricted cubic spline (RCS) functions to assess the dose–response relationship between visual motion sensitivity and glycated hemoglobin.ResultsAmong 542 subjects, there are 162 cases of DR, with a prevalence rate of 29.89%. After adjusting factors of age, gender, glycated hemoglobin, duration of diabetes, BMI, and hypertension, we found that the decline in first- and second-order high spatial frequency sensitivity increased the risk for DR [odds ratio (OR): 1.519 (1.065, 2.168), 1.249 (1.068, 1.460)]. The decline in perceptual ability of second-order low, medium, and high spatial frequency sensitivity is a risk factor for moderate to severe DR [OR: 1.556 (1.116, 2.168), 1.388 (1.066, 1.806), 1.476 (1.139, 1.912)]. The first-order and the second-order high spatial frequency sensitivity are significantly positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.105, p = 0.015 and r = 0.119, p = 0.005, respectively).ConclusionVisual motion sensitivity especially for the second-order high spatial frequency stimuli emerges as a significant predictor of DR in T2DM, offering a sensitive diagnostic tool for early detection

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions