The Relationships Between the Level of Lignin, a Secondary Metabolite in Soybean Plant, and Aphid Resistance in Soybeans

In the present report, the relationship was discussed between the level of lignin-one of the secondary metabolites in soybean plant and the chemical defense reaction of soybean to the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Muts). Experimental results indicated that the cultivars with higher level of lignin are more resistant to the damage of aphids than those with lower level of lignin. Lignin is one of the compounds that are responsible to the chemical defense reaction of soybean. This finding laid a foundation for the elucidation of the mechanism of aphid resistance in plants and its biochemical basis.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Hu, Qi, Zhao, Jianwei, Cui, Jianwen. (1993). The Relationships Between the Level of Lignin, a Secondary Metabolite in Soybean Plant, and Aphid Resistance in Soybeans. Plant Protection (Institute of Plant Protection, CAAS, China), 19(1), 8-9

Secure Transmission Design With Feedback Compression for the Internet of Things

ARC Discovery Projects Grant DP150103905

Short-term cross-border capital flows and corporate leverage ratio: China's empirical evidence and enlightenment

In consideration of increasing global economic uncertainties and the leverage ratio of non-financial corporate sector in China reaching a historical peak, this paper uses the parallel multiple mediation model to analyze the mechanism and impact of cross-border short-term capital flows on non-financial corporate leverage in China, in which corporate borrowing and asset price are taken as mediators in parallel multiple mediation model. The research findings indicate that the influence of short-term cross-border capital flows on corporate leverage ratio in China is mainly through the direct path. The influence of the two indirect channels is relatively weak, in which the size of corporate borrowing is more influential than corporate asset price. The indirect impact of short-term cross-border capital flows on corporate leverage ratio is more significant for state-owned enterprises compared to non-state-owned enterprises

Limiting laws and consistent estimation criteria for fixed and diverging number of spiked eigenvalues

In this paper, we study limiting laws and consistent estimation criteria for the extreme eigenvalues in a spiked covariance model of dimension $p$. Firstly, for fixed $p$, we propose a generalized estimation criterion that can consistently estimate, $k$, the number of spiked eigenvalues. Compared with the existing literature, we show that consistency can be achieved under weaker conditions on the penalty term. Next, allowing both $p$ and $k$ to diverge, we derive limiting distributions of the spiked sample eigenvalues using random matrix theory techniques. Notably, our results do not require the spiked eigenvalues to be uniformly bounded from above or tending to infinity, as have been assumed in the existing literature. Based on the above derived results, we formulate a generalized estimation criterion and show that it can consistently estimate $k$, while $k$ can be fixed or grow at an order of $k=o(n^{1/3})$. We further show that the results in our work continue to hold under a general population distribution without assuming normality. The efficacy of the proposed estimation criteria is illustrated through comparative simulation studies

A New Secure Transmission Scheme With Outdated Antenna Selection

We propose a new secure transmission scheme in the multi-input multi-output multi-eavesdropper wiretap channel. In this channel, the NA-antenna transmitter adopts transmit antenna selection (TAS) to choose the antenna that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver to transmit, while the NB-antenna receiver and the NE-antenna eavesdropper adopt maximal-ratio combining (MRC) to combine the received signals. We focus on the practical scenario where the channel state information (CSI) during the TAS process is outdated. In this scenario, we propose a new transmission scheme to prevent the detrimental effect of the outdated CSI on the wiretap codes design at the transmitter. To thoroughly assess the secrecy performance achieved by the proposed scheme, we derive new closed-form expressions for the exact secrecy outage probability and the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity for arbitrary SNRs. We also derive new compact expressions for the asymptotic secrecy outage probability at high SNRs. Notably, in the analysis we take spatial correlation at the receiver into consideration. Apart from the advantage of our scheme over the conventional TAS/MRC scheme, we demonstrate that the outdated TAS reduces the secrecy diversity order from NANB to NB. We also demonstrate that antenna correlation improves the secrecy performance at low SNR but deteriorates the secrecy performance at medium and high SNRs, by affecting the secrecy array gain only.ARC Discovery Projects Grant DP150103905