Polymerase II Promoter Strength Determines Efficacy of microRNA Adapted shRNAs

Since the discovery of RNAi and microRNAs more than 10 years ago, much research has focused on the development of systems that usurp microRNA pathways to downregulate gene expression in mammalian cells. One of these systems makes use of endogenous microRNA pri-cursors that are expressed from polymerase II promoters where the mature microRNA sequence is replaced by gene specific duplexes that guide RNAi (shRNA-miRs). Although shRNA-miRs are effective in directing target mRNA knockdown and hence reducing protein expression in many cell types, variability of RNAi efficacy in cell lines has been an issue. Here we show that the choice of the polymerase II promoter used to drive shRNA expression is of critical importance to allow effective mRNA target knockdown. We tested the abundance of shRNA-miRs expressed from five different polymerase II promoters in 6 human cell lines and measured their ability to drive target knockdown. We observed a clear positive correlation between promoter strength, siRNA expression levels, and protein target knockdown. Differences in RNAi from the shRNA-miRs expressed from the various promoters were particularly pronounced in immune cells. Our findings have direct implications for the design of shRNA-directed RNAi experiments and the preferred RNAi system to use for each cell type

MassCode Liquid Arrays as a Tool for Multiplexed High-Throughput Genetic Profiling

Multiplexed detection assays that analyze a modest number of nucleic acid targets over large sample sets are emerging as the preferred testing approach in such applications as routine pathogen typing, outbreak monitoring, and diagnostics. However, very few DNA testing platforms have proven to offer a solution for mid-plexed analysis that is high-throughput, sensitive, and with a low cost per test. In this work, an enhanced genotyping method based on MassCode technology was devised and integrated as part of a high-throughput mid-plexing analytical system that facilitates robust qualitative differential detection of DNA targets. Samples are first analyzed using MassCode PCR (MC-PCR) performed with an array of primer sets encoded with unique mass tags. Lambda exonuclease and an array of MassCode probes are then contacted with MC-PCR products for further interrogation and target sequences are specifically identified. Primer and probe hybridizations occur in homogeneous solution, a clear advantage over micro- or nanoparticle suspension arrays. The two cognate tags coupled to resultant MassCode hybrids are detected in an automated process using a benchtop single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The prospective value of using MassCode probe arrays for multiplexed bioanalysis was demonstrated after developing a 14plex proof of concept assay designed to subtype a select panel of Salmonella enterica serogroups and serovars. This MassCode system is very flexible and test panels can be customized to include more, less, or different markers

THE EFFECT OF REWARD SYSTEM ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AT EVER FLOW RIVER- G LINK EXPRESS SERVICES LIMITED

The purposes of this study are to analyze the effect of reward system on employee engagement and to analyze the effect of employee engagement on job performance at E.F.R – G link Express Service Ltd. The primary data is collected from 63 employees of E.F.R – G link Express Service Ltd in Yangon. The results of this study indicate that financial reward base pay influences on employee engagement at E.F.R – G Link Express Services Limited because the company gives salary on time and pay well for employee. Non-financial reward recognition and work condition also influences on employee engagement. Furthermore, vigor and dedication engagement influence on job performance of employee in E.F.R – G Link Express Services Limited. Based on the results, the study recommend that the company should pay more attention on reward system such as base pay, recognition and work condition to enhance employee engagement and their job performance in E.F.R G –Link Express Services Limited

XML Documents Classification using Composite SVM Kernel

More and more structured or semistructured data is stored and exchange in XML format. XML mining becomes increasingly important, especially the study of classification of XML documents. As the number of XMLdocuments on the WWW grows, there arises a need for a classification system for these XML documents that would make organization and querying more effective. Document categorization is the process of classifying text documents into a set of predifined classes. This system presents combination of structure and content information using composite support vector machine (SVM) kernels for XML document classification. Combination of structure and content features is necessary for effective retriveal and classification of XML documents. Composite Kernel classifier achieves significantly better performance as compared to complex and time consuming approaches. Consine Similarity is used to find similarity on terms and paths

Preventing Data loss in Online Sale System Transactions by using Out-of- Place Update Recovery Information (Shadow Paging)

A transaction is a logical unit of work.Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) are theheart of the business operations today. A TPS mayfail for many reason such as system failure,human errors, hardware failure, incorrect orinvalid data, computer virus, software applicationerrors or natural or man-made disasters. As it isnot possible to prevent all TPS failures, a TPSmust be able to cope with failures. So, TPS will gothrough a recovery of the database to cope whenthe system fails. Transactions are indeed the unitof recovery. Recovery in database system meansthat restoring the database to a correct state aftersome failure has rendered the current stateinconsistent. In this paper, Out-of-Place updaterecovery information is used to prevent data lossin online sale transaction processing andrestoring the database to be a consistent state

Implementation of DSS for Tour Package Selection using TOPSIS and AHP

Decision Support System (DSS) providesinformation, models, and data manipulation tools tohelp make decisions in semi-structured andunstructured situations where no one knows exactlyhow the decision should be made. Computer basedDSS are widely deployed in real projects. This paperis developed as decision support system forMyanmar people who are interested in traveling. Inthis paper, DSS is implemented for selecting the besttour package by using Technique for OrderPreference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)method. The weight of each criterion is calculatedfirst by using AHP, and then integrates with TOPSISmethod to support tour package selection decision.In this system, TOPSIS and AHP method can help toget the best decision for the appropriate and suitabletour packages

RURAL OFF-FARM INCOMES IN MYANMAR’S DRY ZONE

This research highlight presents findings on key features of rural off-farm work and incomes in Myanmar’s Dry Zone. It is based on analysis of data collected by the Rural Economy and Agriculture in Dry Zone (READZ) survey in 2017. READZ surveyed 1578 households in four townships: Budalin Township (Sagaing Region), Magway and Pwintbyu Townships (Magway Region), and Myittha Township (Mandalay Region). For this study, we define off-farm income as income originating from any work or activity that individuals perform away from their own household’s farm – thus it includes agricultural work for pay. We divide sources of off-farm income into two categories: “employment” and “self-employment”. Employment refers to any activity earning a wage or salary, and includes both temporary casual labor (“wage work”) and steady longer-term employment (“salaried work”). In contrast, “self-employment” refers to any off-farm activity that remunerates the individual in the form of profits from sales of goods or services. This includes all types of non-farm enterprise (including trade, retail, crafts, and services) as well as self-directed resource extraction activities (fishing, wood collection, etc.). Our results highlight the diversity of the off-farm economy in the Dry Zone and the growing reliance on off-farm income sources among rural households. We present our results in three parts. First we provide an overview of off-farm incomes in the Dry Zone. Second, we analyze the details of rural employment in greater detail. Third, we analyze patterns in self-employment