Diabatic wind and temperature profiles, The

CER69-70HC-JEC-18.December 1969.Includes bibliographical references (page 13).Prepared for U.S. Army Research Grant DA-AMC-28-043-65-G20.KEYPS model and Monin-Obukhov's log-linear model were examined pertaining to their adequacy of describing wind and temperature profiles in thermally stratified shear flows for diversified thermal stability. The dimensionless wind shear and lapse rate for all ranges of thermal stability studied, - 2 .0 ≤ Ri ≤ 0.4, were shown to be linearly dependent on the dimensionless height derived from the log-linear model. Deacon numbers behaved quite differently from what were predicted by KEYPS model.Under grant DA-AMC-28-043-65-G20

Power law profiles in thermally stratified shear flows

CER69-70-HC-JEC-19.December 1969.Includes bibliographical references (page 12).Prepared for U.S. Army Research Grant DA-AMC-28-043-65-G20.A "power law'' model is used to describe the wind and temperature profiles in thermally stratified shear flows for bulk Richardson numbers from - 0.8 to 0.2. It is shown that the power of wind and temperature profiles were not independent of the thermal stability and that similarity between wind and temperature profiles is good. Functional dependence of the power upon the thermal stability is shown for data of Prairie Grass and laboratory measurements.Under grant DA-AMC-28-043-65-G20

Mechanism of glycan receptor recognition and specificity switch for avian, swine, and human adapted influenza virus hemagglutinins: a molecular dynamics perspective.

Hemagglutinins (HA's) from duck, swine, and human influenza viruses have previously been shown to prefer avian and human glycan receptor analogues with distinct topological profiles, pentasaccharides LSTa (alpha-2,3 linkage) and LSTc (alpha-2,6 linkage), in comparative molecular dynamics studies. On the basis of detailed analyses of the dynamic motions of the receptor binding domains (RBDs) and interaction energy profiles with individual glycan residues, we have identified approximately 30 residue positions in the RBD that present distinct profiles with the receptor analogues. Glycan binding constrained the conformational space sampling by the HA. Electrostatic steering appeared to play a key role in glycan binding specificity. The complex dynamic behaviors of the major SSE and trimeric interfaces with or without bound glycans suggested that networks of interactions might account for species specificity in these low affinity and high avidity (multivalent) interactions between different HA and glycans. Contact frequency, energetic decomposition, and H-bond analyses revealed species-specific differences in HA-glycan interaction profiles, not readily discernible from crystal structures alone. Interaction energy profiles indicated that mutation events at the set of residues such as 145, 156, 158, and 222 would favor human or avian receptor analogues, often through interactions with distal asialo-residues. These results correlate well with existing experimental evidence, and suggest new opportunities for simulation-based vaccine and drug development

Effect on Higgs Boson Decays from Large Light-Heavy Neutrino Mixing in Seesaw Models

In seesaw models with more than one generation of light and heavy neutrinos, nu and N, respectively, it is possible to have sizable mixing between them for heavy-neutrino masses of order 100 GeV or less. We explore this possibility further, taking into account current experimental constraints, and study its effect on Higgs-boson decays in the contexts of seesaw models of types I and III. We find that in the type-I case the Higgs decay into a pair of light and heavy neutrinos, h -> nu N, could increase the total Higgs width in the standard model by up to almost 30% for a relatively light Higgs-boson, which would significantly affect Higgs searches at the LHC. The subsequent prompt decay of N into three light fermions makes this Higgs decay effectively a four-body decay. We further find that, in the presence of the large light-heavy mixing, these four-body Higgs decays can have rates a few times larger than their standard-model counterparts and therefore could provide a potentially important window to reveal the underlying seesaw mechanism.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, with more discussion on experimental constraints and references, main conclusions unchanged, to match journal versio