RNA Secondary Structure of 3’UTR Regulates Translation Control

According to the central dogma of biology, DNA is transcribed into mRNA. This mRNA is then translated into a protein. Translation of mRNA into protein is extremely precise, and as such is controlled by many different factors, both spatially and temporally. This phenomenon is known as translation control. Many times, this regulation is influenced by secondary structures, often in the form of stem loops on the mRNA. These secondary structures found on mRNA, specifically in the 3’Untranslated Region (3’UTR) of mRNA, can influence cellular gene expression. These genes can be upregulated or down regulated, depending on stem loop function. When trans-acting regulatory factors, such as RNA binding proteins (RBPs) bind to the 3’UTR mRNA, repression or activation of the gene can be initiated; translation can also be controlled by cis-acting factors. Our research focused on determining whether the 3’UTR secondary structures played a role in translation control. To study the function of these secondary structures, we deleted stem loops on 3’UTR mRNA in a specific gene, known as polar granule component (pgc), using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. The phenotypes of several deleted stem loop mutants were observed via antibody staining. Using western blot and qRT-PCR experiments, the level of expression of the pgc protein and pgc mRNA was quantified, to determine if this deletion had an effect in translation control in both embryogenesis and oogenesis, two developmental cycles in D. melanogaster

Smanjenje gubitaka istitravanja kod neizravnog istosmjernog pretvarača s transformatorom uporabom RC-RCD prigušnog člana

Flyback converter is one of the most popular DC-DC converters for low power supply. Due to the transformer leakage inductance the converter suffers from the voltage spikes, which can be »controlled« by the dissipative RCD or non-dissipative LCD clamp circuits. Both of the clamp circuits consist of the diode. The diode reverse recovery charge causes the oscillation, which results in additional dissipation of the clamp circuitry. This paper describes this ringing phenomenon and the use of an RC-RCD clamp circuit for damping the clamp-diode\u27s oscillation. This clamp circuit is capable for improving a flyback converter\u27s power ratio.Neizravni istosmjerni pretvarač s transformatorom jedan je od najpopularnijih istosmjernih pretvarača za izvore napajanja malih snaga. Zbog rasipnog induktiviteta transformatora tijekom rada pretvarača dolazi do pojave prenapona, koji se mogu ograničiti pomoću disipativnih RCD ili nedisipativnih LCD prigušnih sklopova. Oba prigušna sklopa sadrže diodu. Reverzni naboj oporavljanja diode uzrokuje oscilacije koje uzrokuju dodatne gubitke u prigušnom sklopu. Članak opisuje pojavu istitravanja i uporabu RC-RCD prigušnog sklopa za prigušenje oscilacija uzrokovanih prigušnom diodom. Opisani prigušni sklop omogućava povećanje djelotvornosti neizravnog istosmjernog pretvarača s transformatorom

Smanjenje gubitaka istitravanja kod neizravnog istosmjernog pretvarača s transformatorom uporabom RC-RCD prigušnog člana

Flyback converter is one of the most popular DC-DC converters for low power supply. Due to the transformer leakage inductance the converter suffers from the voltage spikes, which can be »controlled« by the dissipative RCD or non-dissipative LCD clamp circuits. Both of the clamp circuits consist of the diode. The diode reverse recovery charge causes the oscillation, which results in additional dissipation of the clamp circuitry. This paper describes this ringing phenomenon and the use of an RC-RCD clamp circuit for damping the clamp-diode\u27s oscillation. This clamp circuit is capable for improving a flyback converter\u27s power ratio.Neizravni istosmjerni pretvarač s transformatorom jedan je od najpopularnijih istosmjernih pretvarača za izvore napajanja malih snaga. Zbog rasipnog induktiviteta transformatora tijekom rada pretvarača dolazi do pojave prenapona, koji se mogu ograničiti pomoću disipativnih RCD ili nedisipativnih LCD prigušnih sklopova. Oba prigušna sklopa sadrže diodu. Reverzni naboj oporavljanja diode uzrokuje oscilacije koje uzrokuju dodatne gubitke u prigušnom sklopu. Članak opisuje pojavu istitravanja i uporabu RC-RCD prigušnog sklopa za prigušenje oscilacija uzrokovanih prigušnom diodom. Opisani prigušni sklop omogućava povećanje djelotvornosti neizravnog istosmjernog pretvarača s transformatorom

Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Landfill Leachate

The aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate with a microbial culture in 3 L batch bioreactor. The microbial culture, originating from landfill leachate, was prepared by an enrichment culture technique. Organic compounds measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 400–600 mg L–1 and high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) 270–312 mg L–1 characterized the landfill leachate as a mature leachate. The rate of ammonium nitrogen removal was 24.5 mg NH4 +-N L–1 h–1. Nitrification rate was 20.1 mg NOx–-N L–1 h–1. Denitrification was performed with the addition of sodium acetate as external carbon source in ratio C/N 2 and 4. Sodium acetate was insufficient for complete denitrification at C/N 2. Complete denitrification at C/N 4 was performed at denitrification rate 8.3 mg NO3–-N L–1 h–1

Terrestrial cooling in northern Europe during the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148597/1/Hren_et_al_2013_PNAS-EOT_Cooling.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148597/2/Hren_et_al_2013_PNAS-supplemental_data.pd

Management mechanisms in the context of digitization of all spheres of society

Digitalization transforms public policy. It forms new models of public administration based on knowledge about the behavior of social groups. This study experimentally confirms the lack of impact of e-government and digitalization on the quality of life. It is proved that the new state policy is not aimed at ensuring socio-economic well-being, but the management of the collective consciousness of the masses. The economic benefits of digitization are insignificant. Digital policy provides a greater level of transparency in order to obtain its own benefits: the development of public-private partnerships, attracting investment in digital infrastructure, openness of digital governance.The article proves that the modernization of public policy under the influence of digitalization forms a new era of digital leadership

Fullerene-Filtered Light Spectrum and Fullerenes Modulate Emotional and Pain Processing in Mice

The most symmetric molecule, Buckminster fullerene C-60, due to its unique properties, has been intensively studied for various medical and technological advances. Minimally invasive and minimally toxic treatments hold great promise for future applications. With this in mind, this research exploited the physical properties of fullerene molecules for potential therapeutic effects. Pristine fullerenes have peak absorbance in the 380-500 nm range, making them an attractive violet-blue light filter. Since spectral quality of light can affect behavior, this research used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs fMRI) and behavioral testing to directly evaluate the effects of fullerene-filtered light on brain processing and behavior in mice. The same method was used to study if hydroxyl fullerene water complexes (3HFWC), with or without fullerene-filtered light, modulated brain processing. A month-long, daily exposure to fullerene-filtered light led to decreased activation of the brain area involved in emotional processing (amygdala). Water supplemented with 3HFWC resulted in an activation of brain areas involved in pain modulation and processing (periaqueductal gray), and decreased latency to first reaction when tested with a hot plate. The combination of fullerene-filtered light with 3HFWC in drinking water led to restored sensitivity to a hot plate and activation of brain areas involved in cognitive functions (prelimbic, anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex). These results uncovered the potential of fullerene-filtered light to impact emotional processing and modulate pain perception, indicating its further use in stress and pain management

Fullerene-Filtered Light Spectrum and Fullerenes Modulate Emotional and Pain Processing in Mice

The most symmetric molecule, Buckminster fullerene C-60, due to its unique properties, has been intensively studied for various medical and technological advances. Minimally invasive and minimally toxic treatments hold great promise for future applications. With this in mind, this research exploited the physical properties of fullerene molecules for potential therapeutic effects. Pristine fullerenes have peak absorbance in the 380-500 nm range, making them an attractive violet-blue light filter. Since spectral quality of light can affect behavior, this research used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs fMRI) and behavioral testing to directly evaluate the effects of fullerene-filtered light on brain processing and behavior in mice. The same method was used to study if hydroxyl fullerene water complexes (3HFWC), with or without fullerene-filtered light, modulated brain processing. A month-long, daily exposure to fullerene-filtered light led to decreased activation of the brain area involved in emotional processing (amygdala). Water supplemented with 3HFWC resulted in an activation of brain areas involved in pain modulation and processing (periaqueductal gray), and decreased latency to first reaction when tested with a hot plate. The combination of fullerene-filtered light with 3HFWC in drinking water led to restored sensitivity to a hot plate and activation of brain areas involved in cognitive functions (prelimbic, anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex). These results uncovered the potential of fullerene-filtered light to impact emotional processing and modulate pain perception, indicating its further use in stress and pain management

Likert scales: how to (ab)use them?

No abstract available

Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Landfill Leachate

The aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate with a microbial culture in 3 L batch bioreactor. The microbial culture, originating from landfill leachate, was prepared by an enrichment culture technique. Organic compounds measured as chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 400–600 mg L–1 and high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) 270–312 mg L–1 characterized the landfill leachate as a mature leachate. The rate of ammonium nitrogen removal was 24.5 mg NH4 +-N L–1 h–1. Nitrification rate was 20.1 mg NOx–-N L–1 h–1. Denitrification was performed with the addition of sodium acetate as external carbon source in ratio C/N 2 and 4. Sodium acetate was insufficient for complete denitrification at C/N 2. Complete denitrification at C/N 4 was performed at denitrification rate 8.3 mg NO3–-N L–1 h–1