Realization of an all-optical zero to π cross-phase modulation jump

We report on the experimental demonstration of an all-optical π cross-phase modulation jump. By performing a preselection, an optically induced unitary transformation, and then a postselection on the polarization degree of freedom, the phase of the output beam acquires either a zero or π phase shift (with no other possible values). The postselection results in optical loss in the output beam. An input state may be chosen near the resulting phase singularity, yielding a pi phase shift even for weak interaction strengths. The scheme is experimentally demonstrated using a coherently prepared dark state in a warm atomic cesium vapor

To have in order to do: Exploring the effects of consuming experiential products on well‐being

The experience recommendation – if you want to be happier, buy life experiences instead of material items – is supported in empirical research. However, this evidence is primarily based on the dichotomous comparison of material items and life experiences. The goal of this article is to examine the effects of consuming experiential products – purchases that fall between material items and life experiences – on well‐being. Study 1 and Study 2 demonstrate that experiential products provide similar levels of well‐being compared to life experiences and more well‐being than material items. Study 3 replicates this finding for purchases that turn out well. In addition, Study 3 shows experiential products, when compared to life experiences, lead to more feelings of competence but less feelings of relatedness, which explains why these two purchases result in similar levels of well‐being. We discuss why experiential products and life experiences lead to psychological need satisfaction and how our results support the Positive‐Activity Model, Self‐Determination Theory, and Holbrook and Hirschman’s hedonic consumption framework.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142004/1/jcpy28.pd

Do You Feel Financially Secured? The Investigation of Economic Indicators of Financial Well-Being

The economy has been in downward movement in the past few years in the United States as well as different parts of the world. Consumers’ financial situations have been found to influence their purchase behaviors. While some personal finance experts blame consumers’ (lack of) spending plans for their financial situations, others suggest that consumers’ perception of their financial standing influences their purchase plans. Using a nationwide large scale survey study, we examined the value of applying economic indicators as proxy measure of financial well-being. Instead of income or debts, wealth was found to be the most important economic indicator of financial well-being

Do You Feel Financially Secured? The Investigation of Economic Indicators and Consequences of Financial Well-Being

The economy has been in downward movement in the past few years in the United States as well as different parts of the world. Consumers’ financial situations have been found to influence their purchase behaviors. While some personal finance experts blame consumers’ (lack of) spending plans for their financial situations, others suggest that consumers’ perception of their financial standing influences their purchase plans. Using two nationwide large scale survey studies, we investigated how the consumer’s financial well-being affects planned and unplanned purchasing decisions from two competing perspectives. Supporting our notion of financial well-being as a status, the results revealed consumers with high financial well-being are more likely to make planned purchases and less likely to make unplanned purchases. We also examined the value of applying economic indicators as proxy measure of financial well-being. Instead of income or debts, wealth was found to be the most important economic indicator of financial well-being

Realization of an All-Optical Zero To Cross-Phase Modulation Jump

We report on the experimental demonstration of an all-optical π cross-phase modulation jump. By performing a preselection, an optically induced unitary transformation, and then a postselection on the polarization degree of freedom, the phase of the output beam acquires either a zero or π phase shift (with no other possible values). The postselection results in optical loss in the output beam. An input state may be chosen near the resulting phase singularity, yielding a π phase shift even for weak interaction strengths. The scheme is experimentally demonstrated using a coherently prepared dark state in a warm atomic cesium vapor

Lensing in the Hercules Supercluster

We report Keck LRIS observations of an arc-like background galaxy near the center of Abell 2152 (z=0.043), one of the three clusters comprising the Hercules supercluster. The background object has a redshift z=0.1423 and is situated 25 arcsec north of the primary component of the A2152 brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). The object is about 15 arcsec in total length and has a reddening-corrected R-band magnitude of $m_R = 18.55\pm0.03$. Its spectrum shows numerous strong emission lines, as well as absorption features. The strength of the H-alpha emission would imply a star formation rate \SFR \approx 3h^{-2} \msun yr$^{-1}$ in the absence of any lensing. However, the curved shaped of this object and its tangential orientation along the major axis of the BCG suggest lensing. We model the A2152 core mass distribution including the two BCG components and the cluster potential. We present velocity and velocity dispersion profile measurements for the two BCG components and use these to help constrain the potential. The lens modeling indicates a likely magnification factor of $\sim1.9$ for the lensed galaxy, making A2152 the nearest cluster in which such significant lensing of a background source has been observed. Finally, we see evidence for a concentration of early-type galaxies at $z=0.13$ near the centroid of the X-ray emission previously attributed to A2152. We suggest that emission from this background concentration is the cause of the offset of the X-ray center from the A2152 BCG. The background concentration and the dispersed mass of the Hercules supercluster could add further to the lensing strength of the A2152 cluster.Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ (January 2001). 9 pages; uses emulateapj.sty. The all-important "Figure 1" is included here in GIF format; for a version which includes Figure 1 as a high-resolution Postscript image, see: http://adcam.pha.jhu.edu/~jpb/a2152.ps.g

Cyclotron modeling phase-resolved infrared spectroscopy of polars I: EF Eridani

We present phase-resolved low resolution infrared spectra of the polar EF Eridani obtained over a period of 2 years with SPEX on the IRTF. The spectra, covering the wavelength range 0.8 to 2.4 microns, are dominated by cyclotron emission at all phases. We use a ``Constant Lambda'' prescription to attempt to model the changing cyclotron features seen in the spectra. A single cyclotron emission component with B = 12.6 MG, and a plasma temperature of kT = 5.0 keV, does a reasonable job in matching the features seen in the H and K bands, but fails to completely reproduce the morphology shortward of 1.6 microns. We find that a two component model, where both components have similar properties, but whose contributions differ with viewing geometry, provides an excellent fit to the data. We discuss the implications of our models and compare them with previously published results. In addition, we show that a cyclotron model with similar properties to those used for modeling the infrared spectra, but with a field strength of B = 115 MG, can explain the GALEX observations of EF Eri.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Ap

Infrared Spectroscopic Observations of the Secondary Stars of Short Period Sub-Gap Cataclysmic Variables

We present K-band spectroscopy of short period, "sub-gap" cataclysmic variable (CV) systems obtained using ISAAC on the VLT. We show the infrared spectra (IR) for nine systems below the 2-3 hour period gap: V2051 Oph, V436 Cen, EX Hya, VW Hyi, Z Cha, WX Hyi, V893 Sco, RZ Leo, and TY PsA. We are able to clearly detect the secondary star in all but WX Hyi, V893 Sco, and TY PsA. We present the first direct detection of the secondary stars of V2051 Oph, V436 Cen, and determine new spectral classifications for EX Hya, VW Hyi, Z Cha, and RZ Leo. We find that the CO band strengths of all but Z Cha appear normal for their spectral types, in contrast to their longer period cousins above the period gap. This brings the total number of CVs and pre-CVs with moderate resolution (R >~ 1500) IR spectroscopy to sixty-one systems: nineteen pre-CVs, thirty-one non-magnetic systems, and eleven magnetic or partially magnetic systems. We discuss the trends seen in the IR abundance patterns thus far, and highlight a potential link between anomalous abundances seen in the IR with the C IV/N V anomaly seen in the ultraviolet. We present a compilation of all systems with sufficient resolution IR observations to assess the CO band strengths, and, by proxy, obtain an estimate on the C abundance on the secondary star.Comment: 44 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication to Ap

Effects Of Length, Complexity, And Grammatical Correctness On Stuttering In Spanish-Speaking Preschool Children

Purpose: To explore the effects of utterance length, syntactic complexity, and grammatical correctness on stuttering in the spontaneous speech of young, monolingual Spanish-speaking children. Method: Spontaneous speech samples of 11 monolingual Spanish-speaking children who stuttered, ages 35 to 70 months, were examined. Mean number of syllables, total number of clauses, utterance complexity (i.e., containing no clauses, simple clauses, or subordinate and/or conjoined clauses), and grammatical correctness (i.e., the presence or absence of morphological and syntactical errors) in stuttered and fluent utterances were compared. Results: Findings revealed that stuttered utterances in Spanish tended to be longer and more often grammatically incorrect, and contain more clauses, including more subordinate and/or conjoined clauses. However, when controlling for the interrelatedness of syllable number and clause number and complexity, only utterance length and grammatical incorrectness were significant predictors of stuttering in the spontaneous speech of these Spanish-speaking children. Use of complex utterances did not appear to contribute to the prediction of stuttering when controlling for utterance length. Conclusions: Results from the present study were consistent with many earlier reports of English-speaking children. Both length and grammatical factors appear to affect stuttering in Spanish-speaking children. Grammatical errors, however, served as the greatest predictor of stuttering.Communication Sciences and Disorder

Cyclotron Modeling Phase-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Polars III: AM Herculis and ST Leo Minoris

We present phase-resolved low resolution infrared spectra of AM Her and ST LMi, two low-field polars that we observed with SPEX on the IRTF. Optical/NIR lightcurves are also published to help constrain the viewing geometry and brightness of the objects at the time they were observed. Currently, only limited IR spectra have been published for these objects, and none with the phase-coverage presented here. In both cases, the resulting spectra are dominated by emission from the secondary star in the NIR. However, the emission regions are also self-eclipsed, allowing us to isolate the cyclotron emission through subtraction of the dim-phase spectrum. We use a ``Constant Lambda'' prescription to model the changing cyclotron features seen in the resulting data. For AM Her, we find a best fit model of: B = 13.6 MG, kT = 4.0 keV, and logLambda = 5.0. The cyclotron derived accretion geometry is consistent with an orbital inclination of 50 degrees and a magnetic co-latitude of 85 degrees. For ST LMi, B = 12.1 MG, kT = 3.3 keV, and logLambda = 5.7 with an orbital inclination of 55 degrees and a magnetic co-latitude of 128 degrees.Comment: 12 Pages, 9 figures. To Appear in 2008 August 1 issue of Ap