Larry Neal and Jeffrey G. Williamson, eds., The Cambridge history of capitalism, volume 1, the rise of capitalism: from ancient origins to 1848 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. xii + 616. 30 figs. 5 maps. 14 tabs. ISBN 9781107019638 Hbk. £85/$130)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112289/1/ehr12149.pd

Pinto Bean Cultivars Blackfoot, Nez Perce, and Twin Falls

Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars ‘Blackfoot’ (Reg. No. CV-316, PI 680632), ‘Nez Perce’ (Reg. No. CV-317, PI 680633), and ‘Twin Falls’ (Reg. No. CV-318, PI 680634) were developed at the University of Idaho, Kimberly Research and Extension Center in collaboration with researchers in Colorado, Nebraska, and Washington. Blackfoot and Nez Perce are sister cultivars derived from the same bulk population, UIP35 (USPT-CBB-1/3/‘Othello’/‘UI 906’//‘Topaz’/‘Buster’). Twin Falls was selected from the bulk population UIP40 (USPT-CBB-1/3/CO12650/USPT-ANT-1//Othello/ABL15). The F8 of both population bulks and checks were yield tested in the Western Regional Bean Trial in 2014 and 2015 and in the Cooperative Dry Bean Nursery in 2015. The three cultivars were yield tested in Idaho in 2015. They were also yield tested across nine production environments in Colorado, Idaho, Nebraska, and Washington in 2016. Blackfoot, Nez Perce, and Twin Falls are the first indeterminate erect Type II growth habit pinto bean cultivars resistant to Bean common mosaic virus (an aphid-vectored potyvirus) and bean rust developed at University of Idaho. Blackfoot has a compact Type IIA growth habit and produces little or no vine (i.e., elongated terminal axis with intertwined internodes that help the plant climb when provided support). In contrast, Nez Perce is tall and produces medium to long vines, with a Type IIB growth habit. Blackfoot has a mean maturity of 85 d and Nez Perce 95 d in southern Idaho. Twin Falls is a full-season cultivar (≥100 d) and relatively tall, with very small or no vines for climbing. The three cultivars have relatively smaller seed (100−1 seeds) than early-maturity pinto ‘Othello’ (≥35 g 100−1 seeds) in the Pacific Northwest

Tex19.1 Promotes Spo11-Dependent Meiotic Recombination in Mouse Spermatocytes

Meiosis relies on the SPO11 endonuclease to generate the recombinogenic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) required for homologous chromosome synapsis and segregation. The number of meiotic DSBs needs to be sufficient to allow chromosomes to search for and find their homologs, but not excessive to the point of causing genome instability. Here we report that the mammal-specific gene Tex19.1 promotes Spo11-dependent recombination in mouse spermatocytes. We show that the chromosome asynapsis previously reported in Tex19.1-/- spermatocytes is preceded by reduced numbers of recombination foci in leptotene and zygotene. Tex19.1 is required for normal levels of early Spo11-dependent recombination foci during leptotene, but not for upstream events such as MEI4 foci formation or accumulation of H3K4me3 at recombination hotspots. Furthermore, we show that mice carrying mutations in Ubr2, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with TEX19.1, phenocopy the Tex19.1-/- recombination defects. These data suggest that Tex19.1 and Ubr2 are required for mouse spermatocytes to accumulate sufficient Spo11-dependent recombination to ensure that the homology search is consistently successful, and reveal a hitherto unknown genetic pathway promoting meiotic recombination in mammals

Genome-wide association studies in ancestrally diverse populations: opportunities, methods, pitfalls, and recommendations

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have focused primarily on populations of European descent, but it is essential that diverse populations become better represented. Increasing diversity among study participants will advance our understanding of genetic architecture in all populations and ensure that genetic research is broadly applicable. To facilitate and promote research in multi-ancestry and admixed cohorts, we outline key methodological considerations and highlight opportunities, challenges, solutions, and areas in need of development. Despite the perception that analyzing genetic data from diverse populations is difficult, it is scientifically and ethically imperative, and there is an expanding analytical toolbox to do it well

The Crisis Of Evolutionary Socialism: Daniel Bell And The Rise Of Modernist Sociology.

This dissertation attempts to penetrate the historical moment of mid-century American intellectual deradicalization by examining the early career of sociologist Daniel Bell. In Bell's case deradicalization was intellectually conditioned by the shift of Western social theory from a sociology founded on a theory of evolutionary progress to a sociology approximating the modernist sensibility with an ironic, paradoxical approach to social analysis and a view of the moral individual alienated from organized public life. For Bell and others, radical modernist estrangement assumed the impossibility of radical political achievements and thus paved the way for the lapse of socialist convictions and an anxious reconciliation with American capitalism. The dissertation falls into two parts, the first concerning basic concepts in sociological and socialist theory, the second concerning the intellectual biography of Daniel Bell from 1932 to 1952, relating his social-democratic politics to the emergent sociological perspective that underlay his later theory of the end of ideology. Resources consulted include unpublished correspondence and manuscripts. Chapter 1 traces the evolutionist theory of society characterizing the work of classical sociologist Herbert Spencer and social-democratic theorist Karl Kautsky. Chapter 2 examines twentieth-century sociology (particularly Max Weber's work) as it broached the problems posed by the apparent reversal or obstruction of progress. Chapter 3 concerns American radical intellectuals in the late 1930s: here the promise of revolutionary Marxism, as a means of overcoming the dilemmas of sociological thought, foundered on the discovery of totalitarianism. Chapter 4 considers Daniel Bell's intellectual beginnings amidst this ideological crisis. Bell's experience of World War II (Chapter 5) reinforced the sense that assured progress toward socialism had ended; thereafter, he adopted a radical critique of stolid bureaucratic order (Chapter 6). Chapter 7 culminates in a textual analysis of Bell's first book, Marxian Socialism in the United States, a story of the tragic demise of socialism in a bureaucratized order that seemed simultaneously to promise and to prevent the realization of a rational society--and an expression of the unhappy self-consciousness of social democracy at an impasse, trapped by its commitment to pursue socialist ends through the instrumentalities of the capitalist welfare state.Ph.D.American studiesSocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/127650/2/8402248.pd