A Joinable Undercarriage to Maximize Payload (JUMP) Lunar Lander for Cargo Delivery to the Lunar Surface

Currently, NASA has engaged industry to develop a series of small to medium capacity landers with payload capacities of up to 5-9 tons by the mid to late 2020s. This contrasts with the former Constellation program, where the Altair lunar lander was targeting a payload capability of roughly 14-20 tons. Investment in smaller landers may present future challenges in delivering habitat modules larger than lunar lander cabins or small logistics modules to the lunar surface. Additionally, given a projected SLS flight rate of 1-2 launches per year, a lunar surface buildup from small elements seems problematic at best. While commercial launchers provide a supplement to SLS, many of the current and projected launch vehicles deliver less than 20 tons to a Trans-Lunar Injection even fewer to the lunar surface. However, a possible solution could emerge if the lander itself could be launched in pieces with a buildup in Cislunar space. Thus, launchers with these capacities could contribute to a lunar lander capable of delivering 30 tons or more to the lunar surface. This paper introduces the notional concept of a Joinable Undercarriage to Maximized Payload (JUMP) lander. Key elements of a proposed JUMP lander concept will be discussed, followed by recommendations and forward work

A Permanent Human Lunar Surface Presence Enabled by a CLV Class JUMP Lander

There are compelling advantages of a human presence on the surface of the Moon, as evidenced partly by the preponderance of lunar surface architectures that have existed throughout NASA, industry, and academia since the Apollo program. This paper specifically advocates and illustrates an example of a permanent human lunar surface presence enabled by a commercial launch vehicle (CLV) class Joinable Undercarriage to Maximize Payload (JUMP) lunar lander. The paper will discuss purposes for such a surface presence, including SPD-1 fulfillment, global collaboration, US industry advancement, US government leadership in spaceflight, a Mars dress rehearsal, Mars collaborative exploration, and lunar village development. An architectural description will be presented, including site selection, primary elements, and surface configuration. Element and lander allocation to CLV and Space Launch System (SLS) rockets will be discussed in terms of launch vehicle selection philosophy and allocation to specific launch manifests. This will enable a presentation of a lunar campaign spanning the period from 2026 to 2056. In conclusion, various aspects of the architecture will be suggested for further study

Recent Developments and Tendencies in the Taxation of Intangibles

In the decision of Union Refrigerator Transit Co. v. Kentucky, the Supreme Court of the United States in 1905 definitely set at rest the proposition that tangible personal property having acquired a permanent situs in another state is not subject to taxation in the state of the owner\u27s domicile. Since that time comparatively little difficulty has been encountered in the taxation of tangibles, though it was not until 1925 that the full scope of this doctrine was applied to inheritance taxation as distinguished from property taxes in the case of Frick v. Pennsylvania. The maxim mobilia sequuntur personaim, having thus been definitely circumscribed with reference to its application to tangibles, remained in its complete vigor as applied to intangibles. Two problems in this connection have given rise to considerable difficulty. First, when is property to be classed as intangible, or, to state it differently, may documentary evidence of property acquire the status of tangibles for purposes of taxation? Second, may intangibles be taxed otherwise than at the domicile of the owner

Resource Requirements Determination (Based on Statistical Methods)

Two methods of determining resource requirements at an Air Force maintenance depot were developed. The first method is designed for new workloads and is based on infinite queuing theory formulas. Tables have been developed for this method. The second method is designed for workload with, at minimum, several months of historical data. An optimum fit test was designed to aid in fitting and smoothing the empirical data to the normal distribution. These data are then input to simulation model for determination of resource requirements. (86 pages

Gas and Electricity in Interstate Commerce - Part II - Regulation of Rates and Service

The control of gas and electric rates and service by state public service commissions has, for many years, been a common phenomenon. In so far as interstate commerce in these commodities is involved, so as to be of special interest for the present discussion, the matter is of much more recent development. That the transmission of gas\u27 and electric light and power current2 from one state to another is a transaction in interstate commerce is now definitely well established, although as to the latter, it is not a determination of very long standing.\u2