Control of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-resistant Palmer amaranth

Already one of the most troublesome weeds in row crop production in the southern U.S., protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-resistant Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats.] was first documented in Arkansas in 2015. Since this confirmation, PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth has been identified throughout the Midsouth. The following research evaluated both current and future herbicide programs for controlling PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth and quantified field-level resistance to PPO-inhibiting herbicides. On-farm research, located in fields with confirmed PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth, was conducted in 2016 and 2017. In preemergence (PRE) herbicide experiments, PPO-inhibiting herbicides still proved useful when combined with herbicides such as metribuzin and/or pyroxasulfone. Interestingly, a decline in control from S-metolachlor (\u3c78%) was observed in PRE experiments, suggesting heavy reliance on this herbicide alone may lead to control failures. In fact, no PRE herbicide program utilizing only one site of action (SOA) provided effective, sustained control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth, regardless of their chemistry. No PPO-inhibiting herbicide applied postemergence (POST) provided effective control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth (\u3c40%). Postemergence experiments also highlighted the lack of achievable control in glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] vastly in contrast to control provided by options in glufosinate-, 2,4-D-, and dicamba-resistant soybean. Control of PPO-resistant Palmer amaranth in soybean was possible and achieved by multiple effective SOAs PRE followed by a timely POST program containing glufosinate, 2,4-D, or dicamba

Birthright Citizenship in the United Kingdom and the United States

The common law concept of territorial birthright citizenship is the foundation for the Fourteenth Amendment\u27s Citizenship Clause, which confers citizenship on those born within the United States and subject to its jurisdiction. Likewise territorial underpinnings were the basis for over 375 years of birthright citizenship within the United Kingdom. Contemporary discourse with respect to territorial birthright citizenship, however, has shifted from its common law basis and now focuses on whether citizenship ought to inhere in children born to illegal immigrants. In the United Kingdom, the British Nationality Act of 1981 abandoned territorial birthright citizenship in favor of parentage based citizenship. The United States, however, while adopting the English common law concept of territorial birthright citizenship embodied in the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, has never definitively articulated its position on children born to illegal immigrants. Social and political controversy over the influx of illegal immigrants has increased activity aimed at altering the doctrine of territorial birthright citizenship. Efforts in the United States to legislatively redefine the Citizenship Clause to exclude children born to illegal immigrants from United States citizenship have failed and are probably unconstitutional should they succeed. This can be contrasted with the restriction of citizenship in those born to illegal immigrants. While the common law basis of the U.K.\u27s departure from territorial birthright citizenship is exemplified under Parliamentary Supremacy, legislative alteration of the U.S. common law basis of territorial birthright citizenship may not occur by directly restricting the Fourteenth Amendment. This Note investigates the development of territorial birthright citizenship in the United Kingdom and the Untied States and critiques contemporary efforts in the United States to restrict citizenship of children born to illegal immigrants. This Note concludes that while the legislative efforts in the Untied States to restrict citizenship of children of illegal immigrants may be an acceptable political policy, it is unconstitutional and, therefore, other alternatives must be explored. These alternatives, premised on Congress\u27 broad authority under the immigration and naturalization power, are traditionally reviewed deferentially by the judiciary. Thus, it would be far more efficacious and constructive for opponents of territorial birthright citizenship to concentrate their efforts at altering current immigration and border enforcement policies, rather than pursuing patently unconstitutional efforts to redefine the Citizenship Clause

The relevance of university adult education for labour market policies

Lifelong learning plays a key role in labor market policies in the EU. In the context of the increasing rate of people with higher education and changes in markets for skilled jobs, universities have begun to engage in adult education and active labor market policies. The article presents the results of studies of unrepresentative cases of university adult education programs conducted in seven European countries with special focus on middle-aged people, who are increasingly vulnerable socially. One of the salient features of the case studies was the social effectiveness of university adult education programs from the point of view of access to jobs and the quality of work / life. The results of the case studies along with analysis of the results of other European projects permitted a continuous training scheme the essential dimensions of universities in adult education for socially effective

The role of big data in elucidating learning cities ancient, present and future

No abstract available

Experimental demonstration of a light-ray-direction-flipping METATOY based on confocal lenticular arrays

We show, theoretically and experimentally, that a sheet formed by two confocal lenticular arrays can flip one component of the local light-ray direction. Ray-optically, such a sheet is equivalent to a Dove-prism sheet, an example of a METATOY (metamaterial for light rays), a structure that changes the direction of transmitted light rays in a way that cannot be performed perfectly wave-optically.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

A mitigation strategy for productivity impairment in sandstone reservoirs with varying clay mineralogy

Funding Information: Michael Chuks Halim gratefully acknowledges the financial support of Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF) Nigeria through the award of PhD studentship and Seplat Petroleum Development Company for providing the core samples used for experiments. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The AuthorsPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Exascale Deep Learning for Climate Analytics

We extract pixel-level masks of extreme weather patterns using variants of Tiramisu and DeepLabv3+ neural networks. We describe improvements to the software frameworks, input pipeline, and the network training algorithms necessary to efficiently scale deep learning on the Piz Daint and Summit systems. The Tiramisu network scales to 5300 P100 GPUs with a sustained throughput of 21.0 PF/s and parallel efficiency of 79.0%. DeepLabv3+ scales up to 27360 V100 GPUs with a sustained throughput of 325.8 PF/s and a parallel efficiency of 90.7% in single precision. By taking advantage of the FP16 Tensor Cores, a half-precision version of the DeepLabv3+ network achieves a peak and sustained throughput of 1.13 EF/s and 999.0 PF/s respectively.Comment: 12 pages, 5 tables, 4, figures, Super Computing Conference November 11-16, 2018, Dallas, TX, US

Inferential evaluations of sustainability attributes: Exploring how consumers imply product information

Consumers are often confronted with incomplete product information. In such instances, they can eliminate the product from further consideration due to higher associated uncertainty or ask for more information. Alternatively, they can apply subjective theories about covariation to infer the value of missing attributes. This paper investigates the latter option in the context of sustainability and provides an in-depth exploration of consumers' inference formations. Drawing from rich qualitative data, it offers a conceptualization of the underlying relationships consumers use to infer product sustainability based on other product attributes. The study further assesses whether these findings can be captured in a quantifiable way. To this end, inferred sustainability is conceptualized as a formative second-order construct, thereby depicting the influence of inference-triggering product attributes. (authors' abstract

AN ANALYSIS OF WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN WILDERNESS OR OTHER PRIMITIVE AREAS

A logit model was used to determine the major factors explaining willingness to participate of an individual in the wilderness or other primitive area visits. The results of the study showed that education and environmental awareness were in wilderness participation decision. Demographic variables like age, race, and sex also were statistically significant and emerged as important policy variables in defining wilderness participation behavior. Characteristics of wilderness areas like crowdness, pollution, and poor management failed to produce any significant impacts in the decision making process of wilderness area visit.wilderness or other primitive area visits, policy variables, demographic characteristics, participation behavior, Consumer/Household Economics,