Les obligations juridiques du vétérinaire praticien

Le vétérinaire praticien est soumis à une multitude d'obligations juridiques qui s'appliquent, non seulement lorsqu'il exerce la médecine et la chirurgie des animaux, mais aussi lorsqu'il exerce ses fonctions d'employeur, de prescripteur, de gardien, ou d'acteur de la santé publique. L'objectif de ce travail est de réaliser une synthèse des obligations juridiques qui incombent au praticien, quelle que soit son activité. Après avoir recensé les sources de droit d'où sont issues ces obligations, nous avons cherché à identifier quelles sont celles qui sont les plus susceptibles de mettre en cause la responsabilité du praticien, en fonction des activités pratiquées

Success of a weight loss plan for overweight dogs: The results of an international weight loss study

Introduction Obesity is a global concern in dogs with an increasing prevalence, and effective weight loss solutions are required that work in different geographical regions. The main objective was to conduct an international, multi-centre, weight loss trial to determine the efficacy of a dietary weight loss intervention in obese pet dogs. Methods A 3-month prospective observational cohort study of weight loss in 926 overweight dogs was conducted at 340 veterinary practices in 27 countries. Commercially available dry or wet weight loss diets were used, with the initial energy allocation being 250–335 kJ/kg target body weight0.75/day (60–80 kcal/kg target body weight0.75/day) depending on sex and neuter status. The primary outcome measure was percentage weight loss; the main secondary outcomes were changes in activity, quality of life, and food-seeking behaviour, which were subjectively determined from owner descriptions. Results At baseline, median (range) age was 74 (12 to 193) months and median body condition score was 8 (range 7–9). 896 of the 926 dogs (97%) lost weight, with mean weight loss being 11.4 ±5.84%. Sexually intact dogs lost more weight than neutered dogs (P = 0.001), whilst female dogs lost more weight than male dogs (P = 0.007), with the difference being more pronounced in North and South American dogs (median [Q1, Q3]: female: 11.5% [8.5%, 14.5%]; male: 9.1% [6.3%, 12.1%], P = 0.053) compared with those from Europe (female: 12.3% [8.9%, 14.9%]; male: 10.9% [8.6%, 15.4%]). Finally, subjective scores for activity (P<0.001) and quality of life (P<0.001) increased sequentially, whilst scores for food-seeking behaviour decreased sequentially (P<0.001) during the study. Conclusion This is the largest international multi-centre weight loss study conducted to date in obese dogs. Most dogs lost a clinically significant amount of weight, although there were notable differences between dogs of different sex, neuter status and in different geographical locations

Comparison of the effects of different kibble shape on voluntary food intake and palatability of weight loss diets in pet dogs

Altering characteristics of a dry proprietary diet can increase chewing, slow ingestion speed and reduce voluntary food intake. Panels of healthy research dogs consumed kibbled weight loss diets with either a l round (pastille) or a cross shape. Two panels (‘small-size’ panel, dogs<10 kg ‘all-size’ panel, dogs with a range of sizes) were used to determine palatability (study 1), whilst a third panel (‘consumption kinetics panel’) was used to determine voluntary food intake [VFI] and meal duration (study 2). Study 3 was a field trial where the cross kibble was fed to client-owned overweight dogs undergoing controlled weight loss, and attitudes of owners were sort. In study 1, dogs in the all-size panel consumed more of the cross-kibble diet than of the round-kibble diet (P < .001), but there was no significant difference in dogs of the small-size panel (P = 1.000). In study 2, VFI was broadly similar for both diets, with no difference in total consumption across all four meals (P = .370). However, meal duration was significantly longer for the cross kibble (meal 1: 292 s; meal 2: 650 s) compared with the round kibble (meal 1: 186 s; meal 2: 282, P < .001 for both). In study 3, owners observed more chewing behaviour (P = .031), slower ingestion speed (P = .031), and a significant decrease in food-seeking behaviour (P = .020) when eating the cross-kibble compared with the round-kibble. Altering the kibble shape of a canine therapeutic weight loss diet can decrease ingestion speed without affecting palatability, but studies are now required to determine the effect on outcomes of weight management

Les obligations juridiques du vétérinaire praticien

Le vétérinaire praticien est soumis à une multitude d'obligations juridiques, qui s'appliquent non seulement lorsqu'il exerce la médecine et la chirurgie des animaux, mais aussi lorsqu'il exerce ses fonctions d'employeur, de prescripteur, de gardien, ou d'acteur de la santé publique. L'objectif de ce travail est de réaliser une synthèse des obligations juridiques qui incombent au praticien, quelle que soit son activité. Après avoir recensé les sources de droit d'où sont issues ces obligations, nous avons cherché à identifier quelles sont celles qui sont les plus susceptibles de mettre en cause la responsabilité du praticien, en fonction des activités pratiquées.TOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

An international multi-centre cohort study of weight loss in overweight cats: Differences in outcome in different geographical locations

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Feline obesity is a worldwide concern which has recently been formally classified as a disease by the veterinary community. Management involves invoking controlled weight loss by feeding a purpose-formulated food in restricted quantities and altering physical activity. Most weight loss studies conducted in cats have been undertaken in research cat colonies from single geographic locations. The aim of this multi-centre cohort study was to determine the efficacy of a short-term dietary weight loss intervention in overweight pet cats across a range of geographical locations globally.</p><p>Materials and methods</p><p>A 3-month (median 13 weeks, inter-quartile range [IQR] 12–15 weeks) weight loss programme was conducted at 188 veterinary practices in 22 countries, and involving 730 cats, 413 of which completed the programme and had complete data available. All were fed commercially available dry or wet weight loss diets, and median energy intake was 53 kcal/kg BW^0.711/day. The Royal Canin Ethics Committee approved the study, and owners gave informed consent. Owners completed behavioural questionnaires assessing begging, physical activity and quality of life (QOL). Linear mixed models were used to assess the respective influence of time, age, and initial body condition score (BCS) on weight loss and behavioural observations.</p><p>Results</p><p>At baseline, median age was 72 months (range 12–200 months) and median BCS was 8 (range 7–9). In all, 402/413 cats (97%) lost weight (mean 10.6±6.3%) during the programme at a rate of 0.8 ±0.50%/week. Based upon owner questionnaires, activity and QOL improved (both <i>P</i><0.001), while begging behaviour decreased <i>(P<</i>0.001) during weight loss. The main factor influencing percentage weight loss was geographical location (<i>P<</i>0.001), with cats in North America losing less weight (median 7.2%, IQR: 4.4–10.4%) than those in both Europe (10.7%, 6-8-15.4%) and South America (10.0%, 6.2–15.4%). Differences in weight loss were also observed amongst countries (<i>P</i><0.001), with cats in Argentina, Germany, and Italy losing more weight than cats in the USA, and cats in Germany also losing more weight than cats in Portugal.</p><p>Discussion/conclusion</p><p>Most of the overweight cats enrolled in this international multi-centre study successfully lost weight. The reason for the differences in percentage weight loss amongst geographical locations requires further study.</p></div

Activity scores for cats during the study.

<p>Activity score was subjectively determined at each visit after a discussion between the veterinarian and owner (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0200414#pone.0200414.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>). At each visit, blocks with different colours represent the proportion of cats assigned an activity score of -1 (red), 0 (blue) and 1 (green), respectively. Visits with different superscripts (a, b, c and d) are significantly different from one another at <i>P</i><0.05.</p