HIP FLEXORS RESISTENCE IN YOUTH HOCKEY PLAYERS

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. In today’s youth hockey leagues, the participation of an individual is based on the chronologic age without regard to the children's variations in development and maturity. Although it is currently accepted that the overall strength and growth of children increases linearly throughout childhood until puberty, the individual body parts growth do not develop at the same rate. The object of this project was to evaluate pelvic girdle resistance of youth hockey players in relation to leg length. METHOD. Nine hundred (n=900) hockey players aged 6 to 16 participated in the study. First, a 14 points physical examination was done on all subjects. Finally the Milgram test (modified bilateral leg raise) was performed. This procedure represents a good and easily performed test of hip flexors resistance and permits possible detection of thecal pathology. Incidence of positive Milgram test is presented and a Chi square statistical test is used. RESULTS. The results indicate that in our subjects, the youngest and oldest players had the lowest percentage of positive findings on the Milgram test; 6 years old: 5%, 16 years old 7.14%. The 10, 11 and 12 year old groups had a mean value of 47.22% positive Milgram tests. From all the 257 subjects with positive Milgram test only 2 individuals demonstrated possible thecal pathologies after the fourteen steps examination was performed. The Chisquare (x*) statistical test indicates that the difference between the observed frequency and between the theoretical frequency is significant (X2 = 117,081, df = 10, Q < .OOl). CONCLUSIONS. It appears from this study that almost 50% of children in the 10, 11 and 12 year old have difficulty in performing a simple hip flexing resistance exercise. This situation may be secondary to an uneven rate of growth of the lower limbs versus torso, therefore increasing the leg moment arms, thus increasing load and brending moments on the pelvic structures. . These results may explain the observed difficulty some of these hockey players experience in performing specific skills demanding high pelvic and hip flexors strength and resistance. Researchers are encourage to pursue biomechanical investigation f limb length ratio and their specific effects on axial structures and development

Should metabolic surgery be offered in morbidly obese patients with type I diabetes?

International audienceBACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has recently been endorsed as an effective treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in severely obese patients. Little is known about its metabolic effects in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The objectives were to assess bariatric surgery outcomes in T1D obese patients who underwent either a biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) or a sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and who were matched with T2D obese patients requiring insulin therapy. The study setting was at a university-affiliated tertiary care center. METHODS: Through retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, ten patients with T1D (7 BPD, 3 SG) were matched with 20 patients with T2D (14 BPD, 6 SG) according to age, gender, type of surgery, initial Body Mass Index and insulin requirements (1:2 matching). Weight loss, diabetes control, and remission of co-morbidities were compared. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 55.1 months. Mean Excess BMI Loss% tended to be greater in T1D patients compared to T2D (77.1% versus 68.3%, P = .14). The remission and improvement rates of T2D were 55% and 45% versus 0% and 90% for T1D. The remission rate of T2D was significantly greater after BPD (71.43%) compared to SG (16.67%, P = .04). Insulin requirements were significantly reduced in both groups after surgery (T1D: .44 +/-.24 versus 1.09 +/-.7 units/kg/d, P = 0.03, T2D: .03 +/-.12 versus .89 +/-.77 units/kg/d, P = .0001). Remission rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia were similar for T1D and T2D (66.7% versus 62.5%, P = .63 and 88.9% versus 75%, P = .23). CONCLUSIONS: Even if metabolic surgery has limited effect on glycemic control in T1D, it improves insulin sensitivity and other co-morbidities. It should be considered as a therapeutic option in selected obese patients with metabolic syndrome and high cardio-vascular risk

Quick extended x-ray absorption fine structure instrument with millisecond time scale, optimized for in situ applications

In order to learn about in situ structural changes in materials at subseconds time scale, we have further refined the techniques of quick extended x-ray absorption fine structure (QEXAFS) and quick x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies at beamline X18B at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The channel cut Si (111) monochromator oscillation is driven through a tangential arm at 5 Hz, using a cam, dc motor, pulley, and belt system. The rubber belt between the motor and the cam damps the mechanical noise. EXAFS scan taken in 100 ms is comparable to standard data. The angle and the angular range of the monochromator can be changed to collect a full EXAFS or XANES spectrum in the energy range 4.7-40.0 KeV. The data are recorded in ascending and descending order of energy, on the fly, without any loss of beam time. The QEXAFS mechanical system is outside the vacuum system, and therefore changing the mode of operation from conventional to QEXAFS takes only a few minutes. This instrument allows the acquisition of time resolved data in a variety of systems relevant to electrochemical, photochemical, catalytic, materials, and environmental sciences