20 research outputs found
Periodontal Disease, Atherosclerosis, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, and Head-and-Neck Cancer
Interrelationships between periodontal infection and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and head-and-neck cancer have become increasingly appreciated in recent years. Periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and, experimentally, with measures of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Periodontal therapy may reduce atherosclerotic changes and improve endothelial function. Preliminary findings suggest a role for the genetic locus ANRIL in the pathobiology of both CVD and periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens induce anticardiolipin in periodontitis patients by molecular mimicry of the serum protein ÎČ-2 glycoprotein I. These antibodies have biological and pathological activities consistent with those reported for other infection-induced antiphospholipid antibodies. Anticardiolipin may explain some of the observed associations between periodontitis and systemic conditions such as CVD and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The oral commensal Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) becomes pathogenic on migration to extra-oral sites. Fn infection of the fetal-placental unit has been linked to pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, stillbirth, and early-onset neonatal sepsis. Reagents aimed at inhibiting or resolving inflammatory responses may be used to treat or prevent pregnancy complications due to bacterial infection. Chronic periodontitis may be independently associated with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through direct toxic effects of bacteria and their products, and/or through indirect effects of inflammation. Additionally, chronic periodontitis may facilitate the acquisition and persistence of oral HPV infection, a recently emerged risk factor for HNSCC
Periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and head-and-neck cancer
Interrelationships between periodontal infection and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and head-and-neck cancer have become increasingly appreciated in recent years. Periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and, experimentally, with measures of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Periodontal therapy may reduce atherosclerotic changes and improve endothelial function. Preliminary findings suggest a role for the genetic locus ANRIL in the pathobiology of both CVD and periodontitis. Periodontal pathogens induce anticardiolipin in periodontitis patients by molecular mimicry of the serum protein ÎČ-2 glycoprotein I. These antibodies have biological and pathological activities consistent with those reported for other infection-induced antiphospholipid antibodies. Anticardiolipin may explain some of the observed associations between periodontitis and systemic conditions such as CVD and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The oral commensal Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) becomes pathogenic on migration to extra-oral sites. Fn infection of the fetal-placental unit has been linked to pregnancy complications, including preterm birth, stillbirth, and early-onset neonatal sepsis. Reagents aimed at inhibiting or resolving inflammatory responses may be used to treat or prevent pregnancy complications due to bacterial infection. Chronic periodontitis may be independently associated with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through direct toxic effects of bacteria and their products, and/or through indirect effects of inflammation. Additionally, chronic periodontitis may facilitate the acquisition and persistence of oral HPV infection, a recently emerged risk factor for HNSCC
Arterial stiffness in periodontitis patients and controls: A case-control and pilot intervention study
Increased arterial stiffness (AS) is an important indicator for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Epidemiologically, periodontitis and ACVD are associated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate AS in periodontitis patients and controls. In addition, we explored the effect of periodontal therapy on AS in a sub-group of cases. Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), a non-invasive chair-side function test for AS, was measured in periodontitis patients (n=57; mean age 46.6 years) and compared with a reference group (n=48; mean age 45.5 years). In addition, 45 cases (mean age 46.9 years) were 6 months followed after periodontal treatment, to explore a possible effect on arterial function. Periodontitis patients showed a significantly increased PWV compared with the reference group (8.01±0.20 vs 7.36±0.22âmâsâ1 respectively; P=0.029) and this remained significant after adjustments for ACVD risk factors (P=0.019). After periodontal therapy, no significant reduction in PWV was seen (8.00±1.8 to 7.82±1.6âmâsâ1; P=0.13), but systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly reduced (119.8±14.6 to 116.9±15.1âmmâHg; P=0.040). It can be concluded that periodontitis is associated with increased AS. This confirms with a new parameter the association of periodontitis with ACVD. Although periodontal treatment did not lower AS significantly, a modest reduction of SBP after 6 months was observed
HysterosalpingoâContrast Sonography With a SalineâAir Device Is Equivalent to Hysterosalpingography Only in the Presence of Tubal Patency
Objectives
To compare hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography with a salineâair device to hysterosalpingography for evaluating tubal patency. Methods
Eighty women undergoing infertility evaluations were recruited for this prospective cohort study. All patients underwent both officeâbased hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography with a salineâair device and hysterosalpingography as the reference standard, and the fallopian tubes were individually assessed for tubal patency in each procedure. The Cohen Îș coefficient was used to assess agreement between each procedure, and the Student t test and Ï2 test were used to compare differences in time, pain, and procedural preference. Results
In total, 75 patients with 148 fallopian tubes were evaluated. Tubal patency on hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography with the salineâair device was noted in 85.8% (n = 127) of tubes compared to 92.5% (n = 137) on hysterosalpingography, with a positive predictive value of 95.2%. Tubal occlusion was noted in 21 tubes (14.2%) on hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography compared to 11 (7.4%) on hysterosalpingography, with a negative predictive value of 23.8% (24 of 28). Overall, hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography agreed with hysterosalpingography in 126 of 148 fallopian tubes (85.1%; Îș = 0.47; P \u3c .001). The procedural time and pain scores were significantly greater for hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography compared to hysterosalpingography. Conclusions
There was a significant degree of agreement between hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography with a salineâair device and hysterosalpingography when the fallopian tube was patent but not when it was occluded. In the absence of patency, further evaluations with hysterosalpingography may be indicated to avoid falseâpositive results. Although the procedure time and degree of pain appear to be greater, avoidance of radiation exposure by using hysterosalpingoâcontrast sonography with a salineâair device may outweigh the drawbacks