Detection of Minimum-Ionizing Particles and Nuclear Counter Effect with Pure BGO and BSO Crystals with Photodiode Read-out

Long BGO (Bismuth Germanate) and BSO (Bismuth Silicate) crystals coupled with silicon photodiodes have been used to detect minimum-ionizing particles(MIP). With a low noise amplifier customized for this purpose, the crystals can detect MIPs with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. The NCE(Nuclear Counter Effect} is also clearly observed and measured. Effect of full and partial wrapping of a reflector around the crystal on light collection is also studied.Comment: 18 pages, including 5 figures; LaTeX and EP

Constructing Breaker Sequence based System Restoration Strategy with Graph Theory

This paper has proposed a mapping approach to serve as an interface between the branch-bus model and the breaker-based model. In order to find the specific optimal operation for breakers in substations according to the restoration strategies, firstly, the paper has established the breaker-based model for the substation by using graphic theory, and then the optimal operation sequence for breakers has been figured out by adopting Dijkstra algorithm. Finally, a case study for a realistic power system has been analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the approach.published_or_final_versio

Deciphering Charging Status, Absolute Quantum Efficiency, and Absorption Cross Section of MultiCarrier States in Single Colloidal Quantum Dot

Upon photo- or electrical-excitation, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are often found in multi-carrier states due to multi-photon absorption and photo-charging of the QDs. While many of these multi-carrier states are observed in single-dot spectroscopy, their properties are not well studied due to random charging/discharging, emission intensity intermittency, and uncontrolled surface defects of single QD. Here we report in-situ deciphering the charging status, and precisely assessing the absorption cross section, and determining the absolute emission quantum yield of mono-exciton and biexciton states for neutral, positively-charged, and negatively-charged single core/shell CdSe/CdS QD. We uncover very different photon statistics of the three charge states in single QD and unambiguously identify their charge sign together with the information of their photoluminescence decay dynamics. We then show their distinct photoluminescence saturation behaviors and evaluated the absolute values of absorption cross sections and quantum efficiencies of monoexcitons and biexcitons. We demonstrate that addition of an extra hole or electron in a QD changes not only its emission properties but also varies its absorption cross section

Life Assessment of Railway Tunnel Lining Structure Based on Reliability Theory

The reliability of the tunnel lining during its service life has significance for tunnel safety management. To capture the performance of the lining under the effect of deterioration factors, the time-varying reliability theory was applied to predict the service life of the lining. The failure process of the lining structure under an erosion environment was analyzed. The limit state equations of the lining structure were established based on the durability criterion and the bearing capacity criterion, respectively. The time-varying reliability of the tunnel was calculated using the Monte-Carlo method with an engineering example, and the service life of the tunnel under different criteria was predicted based on the target reliability. The results show that the predicted service life of the tunnel is 77.5 years under the durability criterion and 95 years under the bearing capacity criterion, assuming that the tunnel structure is in an erosive environment at the beginning of construction and that no protective measures are taken under the most unfavourable conditions. The durability meets the structural applicability, and the bearing capacity meets the structural safety, which is in line with the actual needs of the project. The study results can provide a basis and reference for the future durability design, life prediction, and maintenance management of similar service tunnels

Bis(2-cyclo­hexyl­imino­methyl-4,6-disulfanylphenolato)nickel(II) acetonitrile solvate

In the title compound, [Ni(C13H16NOS2)2]·CH3CN, the NiII atom is four-coordinated by two N,O-bidentate Schiff base ligands, resulting in a distorted tetra­hedral coordination for the metal ion

Dynamic Coordinated Condition-Based Maintenance for Multiple Components With External Conditions

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Convolutional Neural Networks with Dynamic Regularization

Regularization is commonly used for alleviating overfitting in machine learning. For convolutional neural networks (CNNs), regularization methods, such as DropBlock and Shake-Shake, have illustrated the improvement in the generalization performance. However, these methods lack a self-adaptive ability throughout training. That is, the regularization strength is fixed to a predefined schedule, and manual adjustments are required to adapt to various network architectures. In this paper, we propose a dynamic regularization method for CNNs. Specifically, we model the regularization strength as a function of the training loss. According to the change of the training loss, our method can dynamically adjust the regularization strength in the training procedure, thereby balancing the underfitting and overfitting of CNNs. With dynamic regularization, a large-scale model is automatically regularized by the strong perturbation, and vice versa. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the generalization capability on off-the-shelf network architectures and outperform state-of-the-art regularization methods.Comment: 7 pages. Accepted for Publication at IEEE TNNL