The observed spiral structure of the Milky Way

The spiral structure of the Milky Way is not yet well determined. The keys to understanding this structure are to increase the number of reliable spiral tracers and to determine their distances as accurately as possible. HII regions, giant molecular clouds (GMCs), and 6.7-GHz methanol masers are closely related to high mass star formation, and hence they are excellent spiral tracers. We update the catalogs of Galactic HII regions, GMCs, and 6.7-GHz methanol masers, and then outline the spiral structure of the Milky Way. We collected data for more than 2500 known HII regions, 1300 GMCs, and 900 6.7-GHz methanol masers. If the photometric or trigonometric distance was not yet available, we determined the kinematic distance using a Galaxy rotation curve with the current IAU standard, $R_0$ = 8.5 kpc and $\Theta_0$ = 220 km s$^{-1}$, and the most recent updated values of $R_0$ = 8.3 kpc and $\Theta_0$ = 239 km s$^{-1}$, after we modified the velocities of tracers with the adopted solar motions. With the weight factors based on the excitation parameters of HII regions or the masses of GMCs, we get the distributions of these spiral tracers. The distribution of tracers shows at least four segments of arms in the first Galactic quadrant, and three segments in the fourth quadrant. The Perseus Arm and the Local Arm are also delineated by many bright HII regions. The arm segments traced by massive star forming regions and GMCs are able to match the HI arms in the outer Galaxy. We found that the models of three-arm and four-arm logarithmic spirals are able to connect most spiral tracers. A model of polynomial-logarithmic spirals is also proposed, which not only delineates the tracer distribution, but also matches the observed tangential directions.Comment: 22 Pages, 16 Figures, 7 Tables, updated to match the published versio

A Sino-German 6cm polarisation survey of the Galactic plane IX. HII regions

Large-scale radio continuum surveys provide data to get insights into the physical properties of radio sources. HII regions are prominent radio sources produced by thermal emission of ionised gas around young massive stars. We identify and analyse HII regions in the Sino-German 6cm polarisation survey of the Galactic plane. Objects with flat radio continuum spectra together with infrared and/or Halpha emission were identified as HII regions. For HII regions with small apparent sizes, we cross-matched the 6cm small-diameter source catalogue with the radio HII region catalogue compiled by Paladini and the infrared HII region catalogue based on the WISE data. Extended HII regions were identified by eye by overlaying the Paladini and the WISE HII regions onto the 6cm survey images for coincidences. The TT-plot method was employed for spectral index verification. A total of 401 HII regions were identified and their flux densities were determined with the Sino-German 6cm survey data. In the surveyed area, 76 pairs of sources are found to be duplicated in the Paladini HII region catalogue, mainly due to the non-distinction of previous observations with different angular resolutions, and 78 objects in their catalogue are misclassified as HII regions, being actually planetary nebulae, supernova remnants or extragalactic sources that have steep spectra. More than 30 HII regions and HII region candidates from our 6cm survey data, especially extended ones, do not have counterparts in the WISE HII region catalogue, of which 9 are identified for the first time. Based on the newly derived radio continuum spectra and the evidence of infrared emission, the previously identified SNRs G11.1-1.0, G20.4+0.1 and G16.4-0.5 are believed to be HII regions.Comment: version after some minor corrections and language editing, full Table 2 - 5 will appear in CDS, accepted for publication in A&

Infinite Hopf family of elliptic algebras and bosonization

Elliptic current algebras E_{q,p}(\hat{g}) for arbitrary simply laced finite dimensional Lie algebra g are defined and their co-algebraic structures are studied. It is shown that under the Drinfeld like comultiplications, the algebra E_{q,p}(\hat{g}) is not co-closed for any g. However putting the algebras E_{q,p}(\hat{g}) with different deformation parameters together, we can establish a structure of infinite Hopf family of algebras. The level 1 bosonic realization for the algebra E_{q,p}(\hat{g}) is also established.Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages. This is the new and final versio

Two-component model for the chemical evolution of the Galactic disk

In the present paper, we introduce a two-component model of the Galactic disk to investigate its chemical evolution. The formation of the thick and thin disks occur in two main accretion episodes with both infall rates to be Gaussian. Both the pre-thin and post-thin scenarios for the formation of the Galactic disk are considered. The best-fitting is obtained through $\chi^2$-test between the models and the new observed metallicity distribution function of G dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood (Hou et al 1998). Our results show that post-thin disk scenario for the formation of the Galactic disk should be preferred. Still, other comparison between model predictions and observations are given.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure

Electron-Phonon Coupling in Boron-Doped Diamond Superconductor

The electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and electron-phonon coupling of the boron-doped diamond are investigated using the density functional supercell method. Our results indicate the boron-doped diamond is a phonon mediated superconductor, con rming previous theoretical conclusions deduced from the calculations employing the virtual crystal approximation. We show that the optical phonon modes involving B vibrations play an important role in the electron-phonon coupling. Di erent from previous theoretical results, our calculated electron-phonon coupling constant is 0.39 and the estimated superconducting transition temperature Tc is 4.4 K for the boron doped diamond with 2.78% boron content using the Coulomb pseudopotential \mu*= 0.10, in excellent agreement with the experimental result.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by PR

Direct CP Violation in Angular Distribution of B→J/ψK∗B\to J/\psi K^{*} Decays

We show that the study of certain observables in the angular distribution in $B\to J/\psi K^*$ provide clear test for CP vioaltion beyond the Standard Model. These observables vanish in SM, but in models beyond SM some of them can be large enough to be measured at B factories.Comment: 7 pages, Revte

Eigenvalues of Ruijsenaars-Schneider models associated with An−1A_{n-1} root system in Bethe ansatz formalism

Ruijsenaars-Schneider models associated with $A_{n-1}$ root system with a discrete coupling constant are studied. The eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian are givein in terms of the Bethe ansatz formulas. Taking the "non-relativistic" limit, we obtain the spectrum of the corresponding Calogero-Moser systems in the third formulas of Felder et al [20].Comment: Latex file, 25 page